Há 74 anos ocorreu um dos mais fortes terramotos do século XX, na península de Kamchatka

  

The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 M_w in later years. A large tsunami resulted, causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damages of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.

The hypocentre was located at 52.75°N 159.5°E, at a depth of 30 km. The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km. Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km², at depths of between 40 and 60 km. A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.

 

in Wikipédia

   

View of the Severo-Kurilsk port. In 1952 a whole settlement was located there. The modern town was rebuilt in another place

1952 Severo-Kurilsk Tsunami was a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, which occurred on 5 November 1952 at about 5 a.m. It led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. The tsunami was generated by a major earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the shore of Kamchatka, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0. There were three waves about 15-18 m high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. The third wave was minor. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died.
The remaining survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.

 

 

in Wikipédia

 

NOTA: embora provocando poucos mortos, dada a sua magnitude, este sismo é considerado atualmente o 5º com mais elevada magnitude não inferida de sempre e o 3º mais forte do século XX, segundo a Wikipédia:

 

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3
	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3
4	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	8.8–9.0

 

Há 73 anos ocorreu um dos mais fortes terramotos do século XX, na península russa de Kamchatka

  

The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 M_w in later years. A large tsunami resulted, causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damages of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.

The hypocentre was located at 52.75°N 159.5°E, at a depth of 30 km. The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km. Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km², at depths of between 40 and 60 km. A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.

 

in Wikipédia

   

View of the Severo-Kurilsk port. In 1952 a whole settlement was located there. The modern town was rebuilt in another place

1952 Severo-Kurilsk Tsunami was a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, which occurred on 5 November 1952 at about 5 a.m. It led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. The tsunami was generated by a major earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the shore of Kamchatka, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0. There were three waves about 15-18 m high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. The third wave was minor. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died.
The remaining survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.

in Wikipédia

 

NOTA: embora provocando poucos mortos, dada a sua magnitude, este sismo é considerado atualmente o 5º com mais elevada magnitude não inferida de sempre e o 3º mais forte do século XX, segundo a Wikipédia:

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3
3	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3
4	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0

Há 72 anos ocorreu um dos mais fortes terramotos do século XX, na península de Kamchatka

  

The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 M_w in later years. A large tsunami resulted, causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damages of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.

The hypocentre was located at 52.75°N 159.5°E, at a depth of 30 km. The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km. Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km², at depths of between 40 and 60 km. A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.

 

in Wikipédia

   

View of the Severo-Kurilsk port. In 1952 a whole settlement was located there. The modern town was rebuilt in another place

1952 Severo-Kurilsk Tsunami was a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, which occurred on 5 November 1952 at about 5 a.m. It led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. The tsunami was generated by a major earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the shore of Kamchatka, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0. There were three waves about 15-18 m high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. The third wave was minor. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died.
The remaining survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.

in Wikipédia

 

NOTA: embora provocando poucos mortos, dada a sua magnitude, este sismo é considerado atualmente o 5º com mais elevada magnitude não inferida, segundo a Wikipédia:

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3
3	December 26, 2004	Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3
4	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1
5	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0

Há 71 anos ocorreu um dos mais fortes sismos do século XX, na península de Kamchatka, Rússia

  

The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 M_w in later years. A large tsunami resulted, causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damages of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.

The hypocentre was located at 52.75°N 159.5°E, at a depth of 30 km. The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km. Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km², at depths of between 40 and 60 km. A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.

 

in Wikipédia

   

View of the Severo-Kurilsk port. In 1952 a whole settlement was located there. The modern town was rebuilt in another place

1952 Severo-Kurilsk Tsunami was a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, which occurred on 5 November 1952 at about 5 a.m. It led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. The tsunami was generated by a major earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the shore of Kamchatka, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0. There were three waves about 15-18 m high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. The third wave was minor. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died.
The remaining survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.

in Wikipédia

 

NOTA: embora provocando poucos mortos, dada a sua magnitude, este sismo é considerado atualmente o 12º com mais elevada magnitude, segundo a Wikipédia:

 

 

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	June 11, 1585	Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands (now Alaska, United States)	1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake	9.25 (est.)
3	July 8, 1730	Valparaiso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)
4	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2
5	December 26, 2004	Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.1–9.3
6	October 17, 1737	Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
7	November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)
8	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.1
9	October 28, 1707	Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7–9.3 (est.)
10	November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
11	May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Russian Empire	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
12	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0

 

A tectónica de placas em notícia...

Nove em cada dez terramotos acontece no Anel de Fogo do Pacífico. Porquê?

 

 

Anel de Fogo do Pacífico

 

A maior parte dos terramotos e erupções vulcânica do nosso planeta dão-se no Anel de Fogo do Pacífico. A culpa é das placas tectónicas.

A maior parte dos vulcões e terramotos da Terra acontecem em regiões que circundam o Oceano Pacífico.

Vulgarmente designado como Anel de Fogo, esta região do globo que começa a sul do continente americano e termina na Nova Zelândia, depois de uma volta circular, onde passa pela América do Norte, Rússia, Japão, ilhas indonésias…

Todo esse percurso – 40 mil quilómetros de comprimento – é marcado por locais vulcânicos e sismicamente ativos.

De acordo com o EarthSky, nos últimos 12 mil anos, os geólogos encontraram evidências de quase 1000 vulcões pré-históricos ativos ao longo do Círculo de Fogo.

90% dos sismos ocorrem no Anel de Fogo do Pacífico, e é lá que estão localizados 80% dos vulcões de todo o Mundo.

 

 

Há uma explicação…

A maioria dos fenómenos sísmicos e vulcânicos ocorrem, onde há fronteiras de placas tectónicas.

As placas tectónicas são uma parte vital da evolução da Terra, com a crosta e o manto superior a formarem a litosfera: fragmentada numa série de placas.

Estas placas colidem, dispersam-se, sobem e subduzem, criando diversas características geológicas à superfície.

No Anel de Fogo do Pacífico o que acontece é a interação de várias placas tectónicas, em zonas de subducção.

Quando isso ocorre, a placa mais pesada afunda por baixo da placa mais leve e derrete no manto fundido da Terra.

Algumas dessas zonas de subducção encontram-se também nas partes mais profundas do oceano, como explica o EarthSky.

 

 

Quando a tensão/energia acumulada de uma placa deformada se liberta subitamente, ocorrem abalos sísmicos.

Consequentemente, nalguns locais, a rocha fundida consegue infiltrar-se através da crosta e geram-se vulcões.

A maior parte das atividades sísmicas acontecem no fundo dos oceanos.

 

in ZAP

Um dos mais fortes sismos do século XX foi há setenta anos, na península de Kamchatka, Rússia

  

The main earthquake struck at 16:58 GMT (04:58 local time) on November 4, 1952. Initially assigned a magnitude of 8.2, the quake was revised to 9.0 M_w in later years. A large tsunami resulted, causing destruction and loss of life around the Kamchatka peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Hawaii was also struck, with estimated damages of up to US$1 million and livestock losses, but no human casualties were recorded. Japan reported no casualties or damage. The tsunami reached as far as Alaska, Chile, and New Zealand.

The hypocentre was located at 52.75°N 159.5°E, at a depth of 30 km. The length of the subduction zone fracture was 600 km. Aftershocks were recorded in an area of approximately 247,000 km², at depths of between 40 and 60 km. A recent analysis of the tsunami runup distribution based on historical and geological records give some indication as to the slip distribution of the rupture.

 

in Wikipédia

   

View of the Severo-Kurilsk port. In 1952 a whole settlement was located there. The modern town was rebuilt in another place.

1952 Severo-Kurilsk Tsunami was a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, which occurred on 5 November 1952 at about 5 a.m. It led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. The tsunami was generated by a major earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, 130 km from the shore of Kamchatka, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0. There were three waves about 15-18 m high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. The third wave was minor. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died.
The remaining survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.

in Wikipédia

 

NOTA: embora provocando poucos mortos, dada a sua magnitude, este sismo é considerado atualmente o 12º com mais elevada magnitude, segundo a Wikipédia:

 

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	May 22, 1960	Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	June 11, 1585	Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands (now Alaska, United States)	1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake	9.25 (est.)
3	July 8, 1730	Valparaiso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)
4	March 27, 1964	Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2
5	December 26, 2004	Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.1–9.3
6	October 17, 1737	Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
7	November 17, 1837	Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)
8	March 11, 2011	Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.1
9	October 28, 1707	Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7–9.3 (est.)
10	November 25, 1833	Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
11	May 17, 1841	Kamchatka, Russian Empire	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
12	November 4, 1952	Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	9.0