"Already, so it was said, we were burdened with territory which we had no population to fill. The Indians within the present boundaries of the republic strained our power to govern aboriginal peoples. Could it be that we would now, with open eyes, seek to add to our difficulties by increasing the number of such peoples under our national care? The purchase price was large; the annual charges for administration, civil and military, would be yet greater, and continuing. The territory included in the proposed cession was not contiguous to the national domain. It lay away at an inconvenient and a dangerous distance. The treaty had been secretly prepared, and signed and foisted upon the country at four o'clock in the morning. It was a dark deed done in the night.... The New York World said that it was a "sucked orange." It contained nothing of value but furbearing animals, and these had been hunted until they were nearly extinct. Except for the Aleutian Islands and a narrow strip of land extending along the southern coast the country would be not worth taking as a gift.... Unless gold were found in the country much time would elapse before it would be blessed with Hoe printing presses, Methodist chapels and a metropolitan police. It was "a frozen wilderness".
quarta-feira, março 30, 2022
O Alasca foi vendido há 155 anos - mais um problema para o ditador da Rússia resolver...
Postado por Fernando Martins às 01:55 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, compra do Alasca, Czar, Czar Alexandre II, Loucura de Seward, Rússia, USA
domingo, março 27, 2022
O Grande Sismo do Alasca foi há 58 anos
The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan Earthquake, the Portage Earthquake and the Good Friday Earthquake, was a megathrust earthquake that began at 5:36 P.M. AST on Good Friday, March 27, 1964. Across south-central Alaska, ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunamis resulting from the earthquake caused about 143 deaths.
Death toll, damage and casualties
Elsewhere in Alaska
A 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wave reached Prince Rupert, British Columbia, just south of the Alaska Panhandle, about three hours after the quake. The tsunami then reached Tofino, on the exposed west coast of Vancouver Island, and traveled up a fjord to hit Port Alberni twice, washing away 55 homes and damaging 375 others. The towns of Hot Springs Cove, Zeballos, and Amai also saw damage. The damage in British Columbia was estimated at $10 million Canadian ($65 million in 2006 Canadian dollars, or $56 million in 2006 U.S. dollars).
Elsewhere
Twelve people were killed by the tsunami in or near Crescent City, California, while four children were killed on the Oregon coast at Beverly Beach State Park. Other towns along the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Hawaii were damaged. Minor damage to boats reached as far south as Los Angeles.
As the entire planet vibrated as a result of the quake, minor effects were felt worldwide. Several fishing boats were sunk in Louisiana, and water sloshed in wells in Africa.
Aftershocks
There were thousands of aftershocks for three weeks, following the main shock. In the first day alone, eleven major aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude greater than 6.2. Nine more occurred over the next three weeks. It was not until more than a year later that the aftershocks were no longer noticed.
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:58 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, Anchorage, sismo, sismo de 1964 do Alasca, sismologia
quinta-feira, março 24, 2022
O Exxon Valdez provocou uma enorme maré negra no Alasca há 33 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:33 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, desastre ambiental, Exxon Valdez, ExxonMobil, maré negra, Petróleo
segunda-feira, outubro 18, 2021
Os Estados Unidos tomaram posse do seu maior estado há 154 anos
O Império Russo estava em dificuldades financeiras e em vias de perder o território do Alasca sem compensação, em algum futuro conflito, sobretudo para o rival da época, o Império Britânico, que detinha o vizinho Canadá e cuja possante Royal Navy poderia facilmente tomar o controle da costa, de defesa difícil para a Rússia. O Czar Alexandre II decidiu então vender o território aos Estados Unidos e encarregou o seu embaixador, o barão Edouard de Stoeckl, de abrir negociações com o Secretário de Estado William Seward, de quem era amigo, no início de março de 1867.
As negociações concluíram-se após discussões que duraram uma noite inteira e a assinatura do tratado foi feita às 4 horas da manhã de 30 de março com um preço de compra de 7.200.000 dólares americanos. A opinião pública americana foi muitíssimo desfavorável a esta compra.
O Senado dos Estados Unidos da América ratificou o tratado a 9 de abril de 1867, por 37 votos a favor e 2 contra.
Estima-se que o Alasca contava na altura com 2.500 russos ou mestiços e 8.000 aborígenes, no total mais de 10 000 habitantes, sob o comando direto da companhia russa das peles, e cerca de 50.000 esquimós viviam sob essa jurisdição.
Os europeus viviam em 23 povoações sitas nas ilhas ou na costa. Em pequenos postos, havia quatro ou cinco russos que se encarregavam da compra e armazenamento de peles trazidas pelos nativos e do reabastecimento de navios que vinham buscar a mercadoria. Havia duas vilas principais. A primeira, New Archangel, atualmente Sitka, foi fundada em 1804, como base de apoio ao rentável negócio de peles de leão marinho. Tinha cerca de 116 barracões que abrigavam 968 habitantes. A segunda era Saint-Paul, na ilha Kodiak, que, com 100 barracões e 283 habitantes, era o centro da indústria de peles de foca.
O nome aleúte Alasca foi escolhido pelos americanos. A cerimónia de transferência teve lugar em Sitka, em 18 de outubro de 1867. Soldados russos e americanos desfilaram junto à casa do governador; a bandeira russa foi arriada e a americana hasteada e saudada por salvas de artilharia. O capitão Alexis Pestchouroff disse "General Rousseau, pela autoridade de sua Majestade, o Imperador da Rússia, transfiro aos Estados Unidos da América o território do Alasca". Em retribuição, o general Lovell Rousseau aceitou o território. Numerosos fortes e fortins, construções de madeira, foram cedidos aos americanos. As tropas ocuparam as casernas e o general Jefferson C. Davis estabeleceu a sua residência na casa do governador. A maior parte dos russos voltou ao seu país, salvo alguns comerciantes e homens do clero ortodoxo.
O Alaska Day celebra a transferência formal do Alasca, que ocorreu a 18 de outubro de 1867. Hoje em dia, o Alasca celebra o dia da compra, o Seward's Day, na última segunda de março.
A data de 18 de outubro de 1867 é do calendário gregoriano, e a hora, 9:01:20, hora de Greenwich, teve efeito no dia seguinte no Alasca para substituir o calendário juliano e a hora de 14:58:40 "de avanço" sobre a hora de Greenwich. Para os russos, a transferência teve lugar a 7 de outubro de 1867.
Postado por Fernando Martins às 15:40 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, compra do Alasca, Império Russo, Loucura de Seward, USA
terça-feira, março 30, 2021
O Alasca foi vendido há 154 anos
"Already, so it was said, we were burdened with territory which we had no population to fill. The Indians within the present boundaries of the republic strained our power to govern aboriginal peoples. Could it be that we would now, with open eyes, seek to add to our difficulties by increasing the number of such peoples under our national care? The purchase price was large; the annual charges for administration, civil and military, would be yet greater, and continuing. The territory included in the proposed cession was not contiguous to the national domain. It lay away at an inconvenient and a dangerous distance. The treaty had been secretly prepared, and signed and foisted upon the country at four o'clock in the morning. It was a dark deed done in the night.... The New York World said that it was a "sucked orange." It contained nothing of value but furbearing animals, and these had been hunted until they were nearly extinct. Except for the Aleutian Islands and a narrow strip of land extending along the southern coast the country would be not worth taking as a gift.... Unless gold were found in the country much time would elapse before it would be blessed with Hoe printing presses, Methodist chapels and a metropolitan police. It was "a frozen wilderness".
in Wikipédia
Postado por Fernando Martins às 01:54 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, compra do Alasca, Czar, Czar Alexandre II, Loucura de Seward, Rússia, USA
sábado, março 27, 2021
O Grande Sismo do Alasca foi há 57 anos
The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan Earthquake, the Portage Earthquake and the Good Friday Earthquake, was a megathrust earthquake that began at 5:36 P.M. AST on Good Friday, March 27, 1964. Across south-central Alaska, ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunamis resulting from the earthquake caused about 143 deaths.
Death toll, damage and casualties
Elsewhere in Alaska
A 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wave reached Prince Rupert, British Columbia, just south of the Alaska Panhandle, about three hours after the quake. The tsunami then reached Tofino, on the exposed west coast of Vancouver Island, and traveled up a fjord to hit Port Alberni twice, washing away 55 homes and damaging 375 others. The towns of Hot Springs Cove, Zeballos, and Amai also saw damage. The damage in British Columbia was estimated at $10 million Canadian ($65 million in 2006 Canadian dollars, or $56 million in 2006 U.S. dollars).
Elsewhere
Twelve people were killed by the tsunami in or near Crescent City, California, while four children were killed on the Oregon coast at Beverly Beach State Park. Other towns along the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Hawaii were damaged. Minor damage to boats reached as far south as Los Angeles.
As the entire planet vibrated as a result of the quake, minor effects were felt worldwide. Several fishing boats were sunk in Louisiana, and water sloshed in wells in Africa.
Aftershocks
There were thousands of aftershocks for three weeks, following the main shock. In the first day alone, eleven major aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude greater than 6.2. Nine more occurred over the next three weeks. It was not until more than a year later that the aftershocks were no longer noticed.
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:57 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, Anchorage, sismo, sismo de 1964 do Alasca, sismologia
quarta-feira, março 24, 2021
A maré negra do Exxon Valdez provocou um enorme desastre ambiental há 32 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:32 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, desastre ambiental, Exxon Valdez, ExxonMobil, maré negra, Petróleo
terça-feira, março 24, 2020
O Exxon Valdez provocou um enorme desastre ambiental há 31 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:31 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, desastre ambiental, Exxon Valdez, maré negra, Petróleo
quarta-feira, março 27, 2019
O Grande Sismo do Alasca foi há 55 anos
The 1964 Alaskan earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan Earthquake, the Portage Earthquake and the Good Friday Earthquake, was a megathrust earthquake that began at 5:36 P.M. AST on Good Friday, March 27, 1964. Across south-central Alaska, ground fissures, collapsing structures, and tsunamis resulting from the earthquake caused about 143 deaths.
Death toll, damage and casualties
Elsewhere in Alaska
A 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wave reached Prince Rupert, British Columbia, just south of the Alaska Panhandle, about three hours after the quake. The tsunami then reached Tofino, on the exposed west coast of Vancouver Island, and traveled up a fjord to hit Port Alberni twice, washing away 55 homes and damaging 375 others. The towns of Hot Springs Cove, Zeballos, and Amai also saw damage. The damage in British Columbia was estimated at $10 million Canadian ($65 million in 2006 Canadian dollars, or $56 million in 2006 U.S. dollars).
Elsewhere
Twelve people were killed by the tsunami in or near Crescent City, California, while four children were killed on the Oregon coast at Beverly Beach State Park. Other towns along the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Hawaii were damaged. Minor damage to boats reached as far south as Los Angeles.
As the entire planet vibrated as a result of the quake, minor effects were felt worldwide. Several fishing boats were sunk in Louisiana, and water sloshed in wells in Africa.
Aftershocks
There were thousands of aftershocks for three weeks, following the main shock. In the first day alone, eleven major aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude greater than 6.2. Nine more occurred over the next three weeks. It was not until more than a year later that the aftershocks were no longer noticed.
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:55 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, Anchorage, sismo, sismo de 1964 do Alasca, sismologia
domingo, março 24, 2019
Um desastre chamado Exxon Valdez ocorreu há trinta anos...
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:30 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alasca, desastre, desastre ambiental, Ecologia, Exxon Valdez, Mobil