Faisal II (Baghdad, 2 May 1935 – Baghdad, 14 July 1958) was the last King of Iraq. He reigned from 4 April 1939 until July 1958, when he was murdered during the 14 July Revolution together with numerous members of his family. This regicide marked the end of the thirty-seven-year-old Hashemite monarchy in Iraq. Afterwards the country became a republic without any consent of the Iraqi people by democratic referendum.
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In the summer of 1958, King Hussein of Jordan asked for Iraqi military assistance during the escalating Lebanon crisis. Units of the Iraqi Army under the command of Abd al-Karim Qasim, en route to Jordan, chose to march on Baghdad instead, where they mounted a coup d'état on 14 July 1958. During the 14 July Revolution, Faisal II ordered the royal guard to offer no resistance, and Faisal himself surrendered to the insurgents.
Around 8 am, Captain Abdul Sattar Sabaa Al-Ibousi, leading the
revolutionary assault group at the palace, ordered the King, Crown
Prince 'Abd al-Ilah,
Princess Hiyam ('Abd al-Ilah's wife), Princess Nafeesa ('Abd al-Ilah's
mother), Princess Abadiya (Faisal's aunt) and several servants to gather
in the palace courtyard. Here, they were told to turn towards the wall,
where all were immediately machine-gunned by their captors. Faisal, who
had not died during the initial fusillade, was transported to a
hospital, but died en route. Princess Hiyam survived her injuries,
caused during the massacre, and was able to escape the country.
Nuri as-Said, Faisal's Prime Minister, was killed by Qassim's
supporters the following day. The monarchy was abolished without consent
from the people, and control over the country passed to a tripartite
"Sovereignty Council," composed of representatives of Iraq's three major
ethnic groups. A lengthy period of political instability ensued,
culminating in the ultimate triumph in 1968 of the Ba'ath Party, which
in turn led to the eventual coming to power of Saddam Hussein.
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