sexta-feira, abril 04, 2025
Martin Luther King foi assassinado há cinquenta e sete anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:57
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, assassinato, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Prémio Nobel
quinta-feira, abril 03, 2025
Martin Luther King fez o último sermão há 57 anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
05:07
0
bocas
Marcadores: direitos humanos, I've Been to the Mountaintop, Martin Luther King, USA
terça-feira, fevereiro 04, 2025
A ativista Rosa Parks nasceu há 112 anos
Nascida em Tuskegee, no estado do Alabama, no Sul dos EUA, Rosa era filha de James e Leona McCauley e cresceu numa fazenda. Devido a problemas de saúde na família, foi obrigada a interromper os seus estudos e começou a trabalhar como costureira.
Em 1932 casou-se com Raymond Parks, membro da Associação Nacional para o Progresso de Pessoas de Cor (NAACP), uma organização que luta pelos direitos civis dos negros, da qual Rosa se tornou militante.
Foi através dessa atitude que o então jovem pastor negro Martin Luther King, Jr., concordando com a atitude de Rosa Parks, incentivava em seus sermões os negros fiéis a fazerem o mesmo.
Este movimento teve grande repercussão na década de 50 nos Estados Unidos, pois o honroso pastor pregava pelos direitos civis do negros americanos através da teoria "say at less… I'm black, I'm proud", que mudou completamente a história dos Direitos Civis para os negros americanos e influenciou gerações de negros no mundo inteiro. A atitude solitária de Rosa Parks, ao ser acolhida por Martin Luther King, Jr., nunca mais foi uma atitude solitária. Depois de se aposentar, escreveu a sua autobiografia. Os anos finais de sua vida foram marcados pela doença de Alzheimer e no ano de 2005 morreu, de causas naturais.
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
11:20
0
bocas
Marcadores: Boicote aos Autocarros de Montgomery, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, segregação racial
quarta-feira, janeiro 15, 2025
Martin Luther King nasceu há noventa e seis anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
09:06
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, Martin Luther King, paz, Prémio Nobel, segregação racial
quinta-feira, outubro 24, 2024
Rosa Parks morreu há dezanove anos...
Nascida em Tuskegee, no estado do Alabama, no Sul dos EUA, Rosa era filha de James e Leona McCauley, e cresceu numa quinta. Devido a problemas de saúde na família, foi obrigada a interromper os seus estudos e começou a trabalhar como costureira.
Em 1932 casou-se com Raymond Parks, membro da Associação Nacional para o Progresso de Pessoas de Cor (NAACP), uma organização que luta pelos direitos civis dos negros, na qual Rosa se tornou militante.
Foi através dessa atitude que o então jovem pastor negro Martin Luther King, Jr., concordando com a atitude de Rosa Parks, incentivava em seus sermões os negros fiéis a fazerem o mesmo.
Este movimento teve grande repercussão na década de 50 nos Estados Unidos, pois o honroso pastor pregava pelos direitos civis do negros americanos através da teoria "say at less… I'm black, I'm proud", que mudou completamente a história dos Direitos Civis para os negros americanos e influenciou gerações de negros no mundo inteiro. A atitude solitária de Rosa Parks, ao ser acolhida por Martin Luther King, Jr., nunca mais foi uma atitude solitária. Depois de se aposentar, escreveu a sua auto-biografia. Os anos finais de sua vida foram marcados pela doença de Alzheimer, e no ano de 2005 morre, de causas naturais.
Medalhas e condecorações
- 1992: Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award
- 1996: Medalha Presidencial da Liberdade, do Presidente Bill Clinton
- 1998: Prémio internacional condutor da liberdade
- 1999: Medalha de Ouro do Congresso
- 2005: Após a sua morte, a empresa americana de computadores Apple fez-lhe uma homenagem no site, publicando a sua foto enquanto jovem, num autocarro. Acima da foto, o logo da empresa e o mundialmente famoso slogan "Think Different" e abaixo da foto a inscrição Rosa Parks. 1913 - 2005.
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:19
0
bocas
Marcadores: Boicote aos Autocarros de Montgomery, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, segregação racial, segregacionismo
segunda-feira, outubro 14, 2024
Martin Luther King ganhou o Prémio Nobel da Paz há sessenta anos...!
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:06
0
bocas
Marcadores: Martin Luther King, não-violência, paz, Prémio Nobel, racismo
quarta-feira, agosto 28, 2024
Martin Luther King teve um sonho - há 61 anos...
"I have a dream speech"
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.
But 100 years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.
And so we've come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a cheque. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of colour are concerned. Instead of honouring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad cheque which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we've come to cash this cheque - a cheque that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.
There will be neither rest nor tranquillity in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
The marvellous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have come to realise that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights: "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only". We cannot be satisfied and we will not be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed - we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day, this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning: "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring." And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California.
But not only that.
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: "Free at last! Free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
06:10
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, direitos humanos, Eu tenho um sonho, I have a dream, Martin Luther King
terça-feira, julho 02, 2024
Os negros e as mulheres dos Estados Unidos da América passaram a ter direitos plenos há sessenta anos...!
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:06
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, direitos humanos, Lei de Direitos Civis de 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson, Martin Luther King, mulheres, segregação racial, USA
sábado, abril 27, 2024
Coretta King, a viúva de Martin Luther King, nasceu há 97 anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
09:07
0
bocas
Marcadores: Coretta King, direitos civis, Martin Luther King, USA
quinta-feira, abril 04, 2024
Martin Luther King foi assassinado há cinquenta e seis anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:56
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, assassinato, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Prémio Nobel
quarta-feira, abril 03, 2024
O pastor Martin Luther King fez o último sermão há 56 anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:56
0
bocas
Marcadores: direitos humanos, I've Been to the Mountaintop, Martin Luther King, USA
domingo, fevereiro 04, 2024
Rosa Parks nasceu há 111 anos
Nascida em Tuskegee, no estado do Alabama, no Sul dos EUA, Rosa era filha de James e Leona McCauley e cresceu numa fazenda. Devido a problemas de saúde na família, foi obrigada a interromper os seus estudos e começou a trabalhar como costureira.
Em 1932 casou-se com Raymond Parks, membro da Associação Nacional para o Progresso de Pessoas de Cor (NAACP), uma organização que luta pelos direitos civis dos negros, da qual Rosa se tornou militante.
Foi através dessa atitude que o então jovem pastor negro Martin Luther King, Jr., concordando com a atitude de Rosa Parks, incentivava em seus sermões os negros fiéis a fazerem o mesmo.
Este movimento teve grande repercussão na década de 50 nos Estados Unidos, pois o honroso pastor pregava pelos direitos civis do negros americanos através da teoria "say at less… I'm black, I'm proud", que mudou completamente a história dos Direitos Civis para os negros americanos e influenciou gerações de negros no mundo inteiro. A atitude solitária de Rosa Parks, ao ser acolhida por Martin Luther King, Jr., nunca mais foi uma atitude solitária. Depois de se aposentar, escreveu a sua autobiografia. Os anos finais de sua vida foram marcados pela doença de Alzheimer e no ano de 2005 morreu, de causas naturais.
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
01:11
0
bocas
Marcadores: Boicote aos Autocarros de Montgomery, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, segregação racial
segunda-feira, janeiro 15, 2024
Martin Luther King nasceu há noventa e cinco anos...
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
09:50
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, I have a dream, Martin Luther King, paz, Prémio Nobel, segregação racial
terça-feira, outubro 24, 2023
Rosa Parks morreu há dezoito anos...
Nascida em Tuskegee, no estado do Alabama, no Sul dos EUA, Rosa era filha de James e Leona McCauley, e cresceu numa quinta. Devido a problemas de saúde na família, foi obrigada a interromper os seus estudos e começou a trabalhar como costureira.
Em 1932 casou-se com Raymond Parks, membro da Associação Nacional para o Progresso de Pessoas de Cor (NAACP), uma organização que luta pelos direitos civis dos negros, na qual Rosa se tornou militante.
Foi através dessa atitude que o então jovem pastor negro Martin Luther King, Jr., concordando com a atitude de Rosa Parks, incentivava em seus sermões os negros fiéis a fazerem o mesmo.
Este movimento teve grande repercussão na década de 50 nos Estados Unidos, pois o honroso pastor pregava pelos direitos civis do negros americanos através da teoria "say at less… I'm black, I'm proud", que mudou completamente a história dos Direitos Civis para os negros americanos e influenciou gerações de negros no mundo inteiro. A atitude solitária de Rosa Parks, ao ser acolhida por Martin Luther King, Jr., nunca mais foi uma atitude solitária. Depois de se aposentar, escreveu a sua auto-biografia. Os anos finais de sua vida foram marcados pela doença de Alzheimer, e no ano de 2005 morre, de causas naturais.
Medalhas e condecorações
- 1992: Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award
- 1996: Medalha Presidencial da Liberdade, do Presidente Bill Clinton
- 1998: Prémio internacional condutor da liberdade
- 1999: Medalha de Ouro do Congresso
- 2005: Após a sua morte, a empresa americana de computadores Apple fez-lhe uma homenagem no site, publicando a sua foto enquanto jovem, num autocarro. Acima da foto, o logo da empresa e o mundialmente famoso slogan "Think Different" e abaixo da foto a inscrição Rosa Parks. 1913 - 2005.
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
00:18
0
bocas
Marcadores: Boicote aos Autocarros de Montgomery, direitos humanos, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, segregação racial, segregacionismo
sábado, outubro 14, 2023
Martin Luther King ganhou o Prémio Nobel da Paz há 59 anos
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
05:09
0
bocas
Marcadores: Martin Luther King, não-violência, paz, Prémio Nobel, racismo
segunda-feira, agosto 28, 2023
Free at last...
"I have a dream speech"
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.
But 100 years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.
And so we've come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a cheque. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of colour are concerned. Instead of honouring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad cheque which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we've come to cash this cheque - a cheque that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual.
There will be neither rest nor tranquillity in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: in the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
The marvellous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have come to realise that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights: "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only". We cannot be satisfied and we will not be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed - we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day, this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning: "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring." And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California.
But not only that.
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: "Free at last! Free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
Postado por
Fernando Martins
às
06:00
0
bocas
Marcadores: afro-americanos, direitos humanos, I have a dream, Martin Luther King