Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it! - David A. Johnston morreu há quarenta e quatro anos...

The last picture ever taken of Johnston, 13 hours before his death at the eruption site

 

David Alexander Johnston (Chicago, December 18, 1949 – Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980) was an American United States Geological Survey (USGS) volcanologist who was killed by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the U.S. state of Washington. A principal scientist on the USGS monitoring team, Johnston was killed in the eruption while manning an observation post six miles (10 km) away on the morning of May 18, 1980. He was the first to report the eruption, transmitting "Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!" before he was swept away by a lateral blast; despite a thorough search, Johnston's body was never found, but state highway workers discovered remnants of his USGS trailer in 1993.

Johnston's career took him across the United States, where he studied the Augustine Volcano in Alaska, the San Juan volcanic field in Colorado, and long-extinct volcanoes in Michigan. Johnston was a meticulous and talented scientist, known for his analyses of volcanic gases and their relationship to eruptions. This, along with his enthusiasm and positive attitude, made him liked and respected by many co-workers. After his death, other scientists lauded his character, both verbally and in dedications and letters. Johnston felt scientists must do what is necessary, including taking risks, to help protect the public from natural disasters. His work, and that of fellow USGS scientists, convinced authorities to close Mount St. Helens to the public before the 1980 eruption. They maintained the closure despite heavy pressure to re-open the area; their work saved thousands of lives. His story became intertwined with the popular image of volcanic eruptions and their threat to society, and a part of volcanology's history. To date, Johnston, along with his mentee Harry Glicken, is one of two American volcanologists known to have died in a volcanic eruption.

Following his death, Johnston was commemorated in several ways, including a memorial fund established in his name at the University of Washington to fund graduate-level research. Two volcano observatories were established and named after him: one in Vancouver, Washington, and another on the ridge where he died. Johnston's life and death are featured in several documentaries, films, docudramas and books. A biography of his life, A Hero on Mount St. Helens: The Life and Legacy of David A. Johnston, was published 2019.

 

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Os Kraft, vulcanólogos alsacianos, morreram na erupção do vulcão Unzen há 31 anos...

   

Katia Krafft (Mulhouse, 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, Maurice Krafft (Guebwiller, 25 March 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists who died in a pyroclastic flow on Mount Unzen, in Japan, on June 3, 1991. Their obituary appeared in the Bulletin of Volcanology, (vol. 54, pp 613–614).

Maurice and Katia were known for being pioneers in filming, photographing and recording volcanoes, often getting within feet of lava flows. They met at Strasbourg University, and their career as volcano observers began soon after. With little money, they saved up for a trip to Stromboli and photographed the eruption. Finding that people were interested in this documentation of eruptions, they soon made a career out of this, which afforded them the ability to travel the globe.

The Kraffts were often the first to arrive at an active volcano, and were respected and envied by many volcanologists. Their footage of the effects of volcanic eruptions was a considerable factor in gaining the cooperation of local authorities faced with volcanic threats. One notable example of this was after the onset of activity at Mount Pinatubo in 1991, where their video of the effects of the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia was shown to large numbers of people, including Philippine President Cory Aquino, and convinced many skeptics that evacuation of the area would be necessary.

In June 1991, while filming eruptions at Mount Unzen, they were caught in a pyroclastic flow which unexpectedly swept out of a channel others had been flowing down and onto the ridge they were standing on. They were killed instantly, along with 40 journalists also covering the eruptions.

The work of the Kraffts was highlighted in a video issue of National Geographic, which contained a large amount of their film footage and photographs as well as interviews with both. Maurice is famous for saying in the video that "I am never afraid because I have seen so much eruptions in 23 years that even if I die tomorrow, I don't care," coincidentally on the day before his death. Volcano: Nature's Inferno. [videorecording]. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. 2003.

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PS - um casal unido em vida (e na morte...) pelo amor aos vulcões...

ADENDA: o vulcanólogo Harry Glicken morreu também neste mesmo dia - curiosamente era quem estava escalado para observar a erupção do Monte de Santa Helena, em 18 de Maio de 1980, data em que se libertou a nuvem ardente que matou o seu substituto, o vulcanólogo David A. Johnston. A morte adiou-lhe a sentença por 11 anos e 16 dias...

Os Kraft morreram há 19 anos

Katia Krafft (Mulhouse, 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, Maurice Krafft (Guebwiller, 25 March 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists who died in a pyroclastic flow on Mount Unzen, in Japan, on June 3, 1991. Their obituary appeared in the Bulletin of Volcanology, (vol. 54, pp 613–614).

Maurice and Katia were known for being pioneers in filming, photographing and recording volcanoes, often getting within feet of lava flows. They met at Strasbourg University, and their career as volcano observers began soon after. With little money, they saved up for a trip to Stromboli and photographed the eruption. Finding that people were interested in this documentation of eruptions, they soon made a career out of this, which afforded them the ability to travel the globe.

The Kraffts were often the first to arrive at an active volcano, and were respected and envied by many volcanologists. Their footage of the effects of volcanic eruptions was a considerable factor in gaining the cooperation of local authorities faced with volcanic threats. One notable example of this was after the onset of activity at Mount Pinatubo in 1991, where their video of the effects of the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia was shown to large numbers of people, including Philippine President Cory Aquino, and convinced many skeptics that evacuation of the area would be necessary.

In June 1991, while filming eruptions at Mount Unzen, they were caught in a pyroclastic flow which unexpectedly swept out of a channel others had been flowing down and onto the ridge they were standing on. They were killed instantly, along with 40 journalists also covering the eruptions.

The work of the Kraffts was highlighted in a video issue of National Geographic, which contained a large amount of their film footage and photographs as well as interviews with both. Maurice is famous for saying in the video that "I am never afraid because I have seen so much eruptions in 23 years that even if I die tomorrow, I don't care," coincidentally on the day before his death. Volcano: Nature's Inferno. [videorecording]. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. 2003.

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PS - um casal unido em vida (e na morte...) pelo amor aos vulcões, foi homenageado por este site:

http://www.imagesdevolcans.fr/

ADENDA: o vulcanólogo Harry Glicken morreu também neste mesmo dia - curiosamente era quem estava escalado para observar a erupção do Monte de Santa Helena, em 18 de Maio de 1980, data em que se libertou a nuvem ardente que matou o seu substituto, o vulcanólogo David A. Johnston. A morte adiou-lhe a sentença por 11 anos e 16 dias...