Crawford Williamson Long (Danielsville, Georgia, November 1, 1815 – Athens, Georgia, June 16, 1878) was an American surgeon and pharmacist best known for his first use of inhaled diethyl ether as an anesthetic.
Although his work was unknown outside a small circle of colleagues for
several years, he is now recognized as the first physician to have
administered ether anesthesia for surgery.
Long was born in Danielsville, Madison County, Georgia. He received his M.D.
degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1839. After observing the
same physiological effects with diethyl ether ("ether") that Humphry Davy had described for nitrous oxide in 1800, Long used ether for the first time on March 30, 1842 to remove a tumor
from the neck of a patient, James M. Venable, in Jefferson, Georgia.
Long subsequently removed a second tumor from Venable and used ether as
an anesthetic in amputations and childbirth. The results of these trials
were published in 1849 in The Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. An original copy of this publication is held in the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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