In Flanders Fields

In Flanders Fields

In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.

John McCrae, May 1915

A I Grande Guerra acabou há 93 anos

O Armistício de Compiègne foi um tratado assinado em 11 de novembro de 1918 entre os Aliados e a Alemanha, dentro de uma carruagem de um comboio na floresta de Compiègne, com o objetivo de encerrar as hostilidades na frente ocidental da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Os principais signatários foram o Marechal Ferdinand Foch, comandante-em-chefe aliado, e Matthias Erzberger, representante alemão.

Seguiu-se ao armistício o tratado de paz de Versalhes, celebrado em 1919.

Este armistício não deve ser confundido com o Segundo Armistício de Compiègne, assinado em 1940 por representantes da França e da Alemanha Nazi.

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The remembrance poppy (a Papaver rhoeas) has been used since 1920 to commemorate soldiers who have died in war. They were first used in the United States to commemorate soldiers who died in World War I (1914–1918). Today, they are mainly used in current and former Commonwealth states to commemorate their servicemen and women who have been killed since 1914. In those states, small artificial poppies are often worn on clothing on Remembrance Day/Armistice Day (11 November) and in the weeks before it. Poppy wreaths are also often laid at war memorials.

The use of the poppy was inspired by the World War I poem "In Flanders Fields". Its opening lines refer to the many poppies that were the first flowers to grow in the churned-up earth of soldiers' graves in Flanders, a region of Europe that overlies parts of Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Canadian physician and Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae is popularly believed to have written it on 3 May 1915 after witnessing the death of his friend (a fellow soldier) the day before. The poem was first published on 8 December 1915 in the London-based magazine Punch.

In 1918, American YWCA worker Moina Michael, inspired by the poem, published a poem of her own called "We Shall Keep the Faith". In tribute to McCrae's poem, she vowed to always wear a red poppy as a symbol of remembrance for those who served in the war. At a November 1918 YWCA Overseas War Secretaries' conference, she appeared with a silk poppy pinned to her coat and distributed 25 more to those attending. She then campaigned to have the poppy adopted as a national symbol of remembrance. At a conference in 1920, the National American Legion adopted it as their official symbol of remembrance. At this conference, Frenchwoman Anna E. Guérin was inspired to introduce the artificial poppies commonly used today. In 1921 she sent her poppy sellers to London, where they were adopted by Field Marshal Douglas Haig, a founder of the Royal British Legion. It was also adopted by veterans' groups in Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

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Dia do Armistício e da Papoila - 90 anos

Hoje celebram-se os 90 anos desde que acabou a tragédia mundial que foi a I Grande Guerra Mundial. Nesta data há uma tradição anglo-saxónica (no Reino Unido, Austrália e Canadá, onde este dia é conhecido como o Remembrance Day) de celebrar-se tal facto recorrendo a papoilas de papel (que são vendidas para apoiar os antigos combatentes - desta e de outras guerras). Isto deve-se a um poema do ex-combatente canadiano John McCrae (1872-1918), médico e tenente-coronel que, depois de enterrar um amigo, em 1915, escreveu o seguinte texto:

In Flanders’ Fields

In Flanders’ Fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved, and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders’ Fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders’ Fields.

NOS CAMPOS DE FLANDRES - Tradução livre

Nos campos de Flandres crescem as papoilas
E florescem entre as cruzes que, fila a fila,
Marcam o nosso lugar; e, no céu,
Voam as cotovias, que continuam corajosamente a cantar,
Embora mal se ouça seu canto, por causa dos canhões.

Estamos mortos... Ainda há poucos dias, vivos,
sim, nós amávamos, nós éramos amados;
sentíamos a aurora e víamos o poente
a rebrilhar, e agora eis-nos, todos deitados
nos campos de Flandres.

Continuai a nossa luta contra o inimigo;
A nossa mão vacilante atira-vos o facho:
mantende-o bem alto. Que, se a nossa vontade traírdes,
nós, que morremos, não poderemos dormir,
ainda mesmo que floresçam as papoilas
nos campos de Flandres.

Tradução/adaptação de Pedro Luna

ADENDA: uma canção (mais uma...) baseada neste poema: