terça-feira, maio 20, 2008

Em memória de Stephen Jay Gould


Parece que foi ontem, mas em breve (20 de Maio) vai fazer seis anos que morreu Stephen Jay Gould. Em sua memória, recupero a crónica que escrevi no “Primeiro de Janeiro” em 27/Maio/2002 sobre esse grande biólogo e escritor de divulgação científica:

A notícia chegou-me, brutal, pela rádio. Aturdido, corri a confirmá-la pela Internet. Mas lá estava o obituário no infalível “New York Times”: “Stephen Jay Gould, teórico da evolução, morre aos 60 anos”.

Não o conheci pessoalmente. Ou melhor, vi-o uma vez ao vivo quando há alguns anos veio à Fundação Gulbenkian fazer uma conferência sobre evolução (quando a Gulbenkian nos traz o melhor, a excursão de propósito a Lisboa é obrigatória). Era um homem grande, em todos os sentidos do termo. Pareceu-me na altura tão vivo que não pude deixar de considerar a sua morte improvável quando ouvi a notícia dela.

Conheci-o por via das interpostas pessoas dos livros, o que, é de resto, uma das melhores formas de conhecer alguém. Tinha lido, entre outros, “A Feira dos Dinosáurios”, na Europa-América (o prefácio é uma das melhores defesas da literatura de divulgação científica que algum dia foram scritas), e “Full-House”, na Gradiva (o título ficou assim em português, mas poderia ter sido traduzido para “Casa Cheia”, o título de um popular jogo televisivo). E, coincidência das coincidências, no dia em que a morte do biólogo me aparecia por via radiofónica chegava-me por correio da Amazon o seu extraordinário volume “The Structure of Evolutionary Theory”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., 2002), o penúltimo dos muitos que publicou (saiu depois um volume póstumo). Fiquei siderado com as mais de 1400 páginas, recheadas de erudição da primeira à última linha. Há quem diga que Gould, nesta “obra de vida”, não só não poupou a tinta como não poupou a exibição do seu ego, ao apresentar longamente a sua tão criticada “teoria do equilíbrio pontuado”, que em jovem tinha proposto com o seu colega e amigo Niles Eldredge.

E, saboreados alguns dos seus livros (confesso que só li umas poucas das 1400 páginas), o que tenho a dizer que o excelente obituário do “New York Times” não tenha dito? Pois muito bem, vou dar uma opinião que só me compromete a mim: Sagan e Feynman que me perdoem (ambos já falecidos, tal como Gould, de cancro), Hawking, Watson e Reeves (muito vivos os três) que não fiquem ofendidos, mas Stephen Jay Gould é, de todos eles, quem melhor prosa de divulgação escreveu. Possuía o talento supremo de começar com um assunto qualquer aparentemente banal mas suficientemente curioso para prender a atenção do leitor e, depois de várias voltas e contravoltas, que só uma grande bagagem cultural permitia, chegar a uma mensagem profunda, que parecia não estar lá de início, mas afinal estava.

Escreveu regularmente, com uma pontualidade espantosa, durante mais de 25 anos, uma coluna para a revista Natural History”, a matéria-prima para livros como a “Feira dos Dinosáurios” (“Full House” é dos poucos que não é uma colectânea). Apesar de nunca se repetir (os temas eram os mais espatafúrdios, por exemplo em “Feira dos Dinosáurios” os mamilos masculinos e o clítoris feminino, num capítulo, e as “performances” desportivas do lendário Joe di Maggio, um dos maridos de Marilyn Monroe, noutro capítulo) glosou, ao longo de toda a sua vida, um único grande tema: a evolução natural. Aos cinco anos, quando viu um esqueleto de Tiranossauro Rex, no Museu de História Natural de Nova Iorque, decidiu ser paleontólogo e, desde essa altura, descobriu e revelou-nos a prolífica e extravagante riqueza de formas e funções dos seres vivos que a evolução espalhou pela Terra. É um tema infindável para um ser humano como Gould capaz não só de se maravilhar mas de fazer maravilhar os outros. É um tema a cuja glosa só a morte, inoportuna, podia pôr fim.

É oportuno recordar um dos mais notáveis textos gouldianos, que se encontra no referido livro da Europa-América. Nele o autor conta-nos como escapou à morte aos 40 anos. Foi-lhe diagnosticado um mesotelioma no intestino, uma forma rara de cancro que tem a ver com exposição ao amianto. Rapidamente operado, logo que acordou da anestesia, colocou à médica uma questão própria de um cientista: “Qual é a melhor literatura técnica sobre o mesotelioma?”. A resposta, evasiva, da clínica foi que a literatura médica sobre o assunto não tinha nada que merecesse ser lido. Leia-se agora o naco de prosa em que Gould nos conta o que se seguiu:

“Claro que tentar manter um intelectual afastado da literatura resulta quase tão bem como recomendar castidade ao homo sapiens, o mais atraente dos primatas. Assim que pude andar, fui direito à biblioteca médica de Harvard e digitei mesotelioma no programa de pesquisa bibliográfica do computador. Uma hora depois, rodeado da mais recente literatura sobre o mesotelioma abdominal, compreendi, em choque, a razão de me ter dado aquele conselho tão humano. A literatura não podia ser mais clara de uma forma brutal: o mesotelioma é incurável, com uma média de mortalidade ao fim de oito meses depois da detecção. Fiquei atordoado durante 15 minutos, depois sorri e disse de mim para mim: por isso não me queriam dar nada para ler. Então, felizmente, a minha mente voltou à vida”.

Ressuscitado mentalmente desse cancro, Gould sobreviveu-lhe também fisicamente. O texto de onde a citação foi retirada intitula-se no original “The median isn’t the message”, isto é, “A mediana não é a mensagem” numa paródia à frase “O meio é a mensagem” (em português saiu “A virtude não está no meio”...). Gould usa a estatística para nos contar como se consciencializou que podia escapar. Numa distribuição de probabilidade assimétrica, com uma cauda longa do lado direito, a mediana (linha que divide metade da probabilidade da outra metade) aparece antes da média. Quando assim é para um risco oncológico, a distribuição da probabilidade de morte estende-se até uma idade muito avançada. Gould leu que a média de mortalidade era de oito meses, mas concluiu sabiamente que muitos pacientes viviam até bastante tarde, bem acima da média. “Maravilhoso!”, escreveu ele com premonição, pois conseguiu sobreviver 20 anos ao mesotelioma. Passados 10 anos escrevia numa nota de rodapé, numa nova edição do livro: “So far so good!”. Tal como acontece em geral na evolução das espécies, a variação em torno da média é muito importante para a vida individual.

Retomando a sua crónica, a pena de Gould enfrentou directamente o tema da sua própria morte, uma tema que todos nós gostamos de evitar: ”Claro que concordo com o pregador do Eclesíastes em como existe um tempo para amar e um tempo para morrer – e, quando se me acabar a confusão, espero enfrentar o fim calmamente à minha maneira”.

O irónico é que Stephen Jay Gould morreu não do mesotelioma, entretanto vencido, mas de uma outra forma de cancro não relacionada com a primeira. Estúpido cancro que não gosta nada de perder! Gould faleceu não no hospital mas na sua casa de Manhattan, rodeado de livros e de fósseis, como sempre viveu. Tinha combatido tenazmente o inimigo, mas a luta com a morte, como ensina toda a história natural, é muito desigual.

Adeus, Stephen. Nós, que continuamos vivos, agradecemos tudo aquilo que nos ensinaste. Havemos de saber mais sobre evolução...


in Blog De Rerum Natura - post do Doutor Carlos Fiolhais

1 comentário:

Anónimo disse...

QUINTA-FEIRA, 21 DE AGOSTO DE 2008
theory graceliana
THEORY Of the ORIGIN Of the SUBSTANCE And the COSMO
Ancelmoluizgraceli@hotmail.com
Tel. 27- 32167566 Street Itabira, nº 5, Itapemirim Set, Rose of the
Penha, Cariacica, -269, E.S. cep.29143 Brazilian, professor,
graduation in philosophy and theoretical researcher. Published books
ASTRONOMY, and WORLD Of the PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS.

Collaborator - Marcio Piter Rangel.

Presented work the SECT- Spirit Brazil Saint. E the Brazilian Society of Physics. Introduction published in the WEB for the Vestibule Brazil Factor - Channel Profile. In day 30.01.2008. If other theories with beddings and you formulate had had acceptance, why these will not have? Therefore, it possesss all the beddings and all the forms of calculations, and that the reality and the comment until today reached
are confirmed with. With more than one hundred and ten formulas, the most varied forms of if calculating one same phenomenon, with more than two hundred beddings in all the areas of the modern physics. Also, with new forecasts inside of cosmology and astronomy.

Presented the Magazine of Education of the SBFISICA. Soced. Bras. de
Física. Brazilian Journal of Physics - SBFISICA

PRESENTATION.

The theories defend the power vital the holy ghost and on cosmo, the life, the mind and everything more, against the mecanicismo and the materialism. With forceful beddings on possibilities of as everything it possesss an origin and an aiming for the power the holy ghost in route the life, the harmony, the perfection, the improvement and the eternity in detriment to the chaos and the end.

In cosmology the universe is defended that if structure as a stream of production and destruction of astros. In astronomy it is defended that the movement is produced by the proper energy of astro. INTRODUCTION.

THEORY Of the ORIGIN Of the SUBSTANCE And the COSMO, And UNIVERSE FLUXONÁRIO ESTRUTURANTE.


This theory is the one that more is come close to the power of God. Therefore it goes against any form of chaos.

OF THE ALMOST NOTHING EVERYTHING CAN APPEAR - EXCEPT GOD.

The UNIVERSE Is An AUTO CREATION, HOWEVER, A WORKMANSHIP Of This TRANSPORT ALONE CAN HAVE the POWER Of the CREATOR.

This theory goes of meeting to the harmony and cosmic eternity in detriment to the chaos and the finitude of the universe considered for the theory of the great
explosion. While one enters in stream of disintegration and reintegration with little energy, others are born more distant from the aglutinação of the dense space.


COSMO ESTRUTURANTE And DESINTEGRANTE.

Graceliano Model. The universe is constant and infinite stream.

First part.

THEORY Of the BUBBLE OF DENSE SPACE And ENERGY.

While in the theory of the great explosion the universe if expands from a point of the space and a small amount of energy, and is the one only - OF OUTSIDE FOR INSIDE - In the theory of the bubble universe if it contracts from the dense space to produce the substance and the energy of some points of the infinite of the space, in a constant production of new universes in some points of cosmo. Or either, it
contracts itself to produce the substance stops later forming the astros and if expanding for the maser. E is some universes in infinite points of cosmo in infinite phases.

Of birth in the phase bubble of dense space - phase estruturante-Na energy phase, In the phase of substance and the phase of disintegration, unfastening and removal in the space for the proper maser of the density of the substance. E reintegration forming secondary from the material radiated for the elementary school.

PASSES FOR FORMATION Of the SUBSTANCE, ELEMENTS, ASTROS And The
UNIVERSES.

Thus, the dense space if contracts until to be filamentoso - the diffuse substance arrives - dense substance - energy - diffuse cores - astros - nuclear fusing - chemical elements - of light elements in weighed - maser - reengrupamentos in new astros, secondary - it comes back if to disintegrate - and the process continues until if becoming diffuse substance.

COMMENT.

We do not feel the action of the dense space because we are in a universe in a phase that already it was changedded into substance.

FORMULA FOR CONTRACTION OF DENSE SPACE.

The dense space if contracts and diminishes of size to produce the substance, and if it gives in a contraction and infinite reduction, that can be calculated with formulates of the infinitesimal limit. But one it has all left, divided for all, thus infinitely.

Dense space ED - total part p dense space if structuralizing. Thus, infinitely, until changedding into energy and substance. ED - P/ED... until arriving to be energy and substance. Thus, we have the formula for formation of the substance, energy and for origin of the universe.



INFINITE UNIVERSES IN PHASES ESTRUTURANTES And DESINTEGRANTES.

FIRST THEORY Of the ORIGIN And NATURE Of the SUBSTANCE.

It was always looked by the philosophers and Greek chemistries, later for the modern physics an explanation for the origin, nature and essence of the substance, where the world at times was divided in form and structure, spirit, mind and substance, therefore I show the first theory of that the substance can appear and of that it is formed, that here is of filaments of dense space, always looked to the substance for the substance and dividiz it infinitely of the atom of the Greeks until the hundred of particles that they are catalogued today. Comment - no theory displayed until today obtained to give a recital from that it originated the substance. All leave soon of the estimated one of something.

CALCULATION OF FORMATION OF SUBSTANCE And FOR COSMO ESTRUTURANTE.

To be able of contraction of the dense space = amount of dense space/cosmological time = estruturante substance and cosmo and phases.

CALCULATION FOR COSMO DESINTEGRANTE.

To be able of disintegration = amount of substance, temperature, fusing core to estelar, maser and energy/cosmological time.

Pd*[qm ]/t c.


DENSE SPACE And SUBSTANCE, And ENERGY And ASTROS.


Universe not formed from great explosion, but yes of space dense, space dense is all space that in it surrounds them, that we have the notion that it is a great emptiness, but is not, it possesss density, and of it the substance and the energy if they had originated to form the first astros, galaxies and accumulations.


ROTATION And TRANSLATION Of the UNIVERSE.

The expansion is false, is in the truth a translation and rotation and a minimum of removal.
What we have the notion of a great expansion of the universe is in the truth the translation and rotation of exactly. Therefore, if it is infinitely old and had started if to expand at the moment of supposed a great explosion, the astros would be so distant ones of the others that nor its light would be capable to be picked-up by any type of telescope.

The FORMAT Of the UNIVERSE.

The disposal of the galaxies in disks with the systems of stars also in disk test that the universe is a estruturação process and passes for streams, therefore had appeared at one alone moment in a great explosion the format of the universe would be spherical, or either with all the astros in one same distancia of a center, and as also with the same translation and rotation.

Comment. Already we have here a recital of the origin and of that material cosmo if formed. Beddings not displayed until today for other theories.


The ENERGY PRODUCES the MASER THAT PRODUCES the REMOVAL MINIMUM.

It has yes a minimum removal proceeding from the action of the maser and high temperatures, removal produced for the processed energy for nuclear fusing in the inward of the astros.

UNIVERSE OF ENERGY ESTRUTURANTE. OR UNIVERSE OF CONTRACTION And
DISINTEGRATION.

The universe passes for two processes - first of the formation of the substance and the energy for the contraction of the filaments of the dense space.

As of the formation of the astros, its processes of energy and production of temperature to the ratio that the substance if agglutinates, with the agglutinated substance are produced great amount of energy and temperature, giving sprouting the maser and the consequent disintegration of astro in the space. For that the universe
is a stream of estruturante energy, where first if it contracts stops later if disintegrating and if moving away ones from the others, always in lesser portions.

It is A STREAM WHY IF I CONTRACTED OF DENSE SPACE UNTIL the SUBSTANCE,OF SUBSTANCE IN ASTRO, IF IT DISINTEGRATES IN MASER, IT COMES BACK the REINTEGRAR-SE IN LESSER ASTROS And WITH LITTLE DIÃMETRO And ENERGY, THAT DESINTEGRAR-SE COMES BACK. E STREAM CONTINUES INFINFINITAMENTE. UNTIL IF BECOMING DIFFUSE SUBSTANCE.

The same process passes particles and atoms.


The PRODUCTION Of SECONDARY For the MASER And the ATMOSPHERE.

Part of the maser if also transforms into atmosphere, that always goes to direct for the equator, where goes to form cinturões of gases as it is the Jupiter case, or in a more advanced period of training the cinturões go to form rings that is the Saturn case and Uranus, of these rings go to form small accumulations of gases, that always more will go to agglutinate themselves more and, where will appear the first rarefied cores, and the aglutinação process continues, where the secondary ones start to appear exactly before if forming, as gases they already possess translation and rotation and if they move away from the elementary schools. Or either, before existing as astro the secondary one already develops its translation.

TEST For FORMAT And DINÃMICA Of the ATMOSPHERE.

This can be confirmed with the Land, where its atmosphere already less concentrates more in the equator and in the polar regions, proceeding from the magnetism of the Land and centrifuga action of the rotation, and that the atmosphere possesss proper dynamics. That it will be filamentará until arriving to give beginning to a new satellite. However this is not for today. The MAGNETISM Of the ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
SPEEDS UP the FORMATION Of the SECONDARY One.

If it was not the magnetism and the centrifuga action of the rotation of the astros, its secondary ones would delay time not to form themselves. Therefore the magnetism and action centrifugam act in the production of the filaments of gases for the equator and in the production of these filaments in the esferificação process, where
rarefied cores will appear, until forming new astros.

E the stream continues of disintegration of the elementary school for maser proceeding from the energy production, for the production of atmosphere and aglutinação in filaments for the magnetism and centrifuga action of the rotation of proper astro until arriving theesferificação, also through the magnetism of the gases.


PHASES OF THE STREAM.

1 - with the contraction of the filaments of the dense space to form the substance and after the produced substance if form in astros. With the formed astros they pass if to disintegrate as form of maser and temperature.

2- the material of the disintegration comes back if to contract and to produce astros lesser, and of these other minors the process continues. This if confirms where the astros possess the spherical format. Therefore the rounding sample that had a slow process of formation through materials that had appeared of are for inside, where slowly for aglutinação astro was if structuralizing. They confirm
because the cores are denser and the Land is formed by layers and cores.

In the case of the production of the planets for the Sun, the atmosphere nor arrived if to form, and the maser was soon if filamentando to esferificar and to appear the planets.

INFINITE UNIVERSE In the AGE, the SPACE, And the PROCESSING.

The esferificação test that astro was produced by layers of material of maser for juxtaposition - one on the other, for that the cores are denser, that were already proven in the physics of the atom. E the rounding test that took much more time this circular formation, then the universe is a much more slow and constant process that if can imagine. Thus, the rounding of the universe proves the theory of the stream and that all the universe of today did not appear at one alone moment, they are some universes in some phases if processing and if structuralizing, while some age for lose and energy processing, others they appear for the dense space. These phases if confirm for the current comment, thus the universe are infinite in the origin and the
end, the space and its processing.

PHASES OF THE UNIVERSE. UNIVERSES BUBBLE ESTRUTURANTE And FLUXONÁRIO.

1- Origin - universe bubble of dense space and bubble of energy.
2- Type - estruturante fluxonário, if contracts to produce the substance from the bubble of the dense space. Later if it after expands the contraction and production of energy, temperature and maser.
3- Form to exist - production processes energy.
4- Amount - some types in some phases, of the bubble until astro almost without energy.
5- Size - infinite in the production of new universes, the infinite in the space
and the time.
6- Form - infinite and varied forms, of bubbles, gases, diffuse energy, dense and less dense substance, astros, rings, maser, atmosphere, etc.
7- estruturante of the substance and cosmo.

MAGICAL CREATION - SUBSTANCE From The DENSE SPACE.

Before if speaking of the creation of the universe, it must be spoken of the creation of the energy and the substance, therefore it was from the substance that appeared the astros.

ROUNDING And ESFERIFICAÇÃO Of the ASTROS.

The esferificação of astros the test that,

1- It was formed for a slow process to have the spherical format, of the the opposite it would not be.

2- It was formed of minimum parts that had been if joust locating to form astro, of the the opposite would not have the round formation.
One sees that while Saturn and Uranus possesss rings of gases in the route of the equator, Jupiter it possesss an atmosphere stack that is in movement in the route of the equator, where if confirms the origin of the astros for components of the elementary school.

3- the astros are older of the one than if it thinks. E its core is denser of the one than the exterior part, and the planet Land is formed by formed layers on.

4- Fiz a calculation for the age of the Land, however was taken in account only the removal, and not it time for the esferificação, that probably was very bigger.

5- Test that the universe has its origin through very small elements, that had been if joining to form the astros, as minimum parts of maser, gases, light and leftovers of great temperatures.

6- the universe is had There if forming for minimum parts, as energy and substance, of inside for exterior part is with the cores denser than the crust -. A much more old, round and infinite universe in the end and origin time, the infinite in relation its production, then, that it would never appear at one alone moment in a great explosion.


MASER IN THE FORMATION OF SECONDARY.

Thus, with the format of the astros if it has plus a test of the theory of the estruturante fluxonário universe. For compression of the dense space, and disintegration for the maser and temperature, and a new compression of this maser in the space, forming new lesser astros, as planets, satellites and comets. E the estruturante and desintegrante process continues producing asteroids and others that
will always be disintegrated producing astros and lesser asteroids.

Universes alone of dense space, gases, energy, diffuse substance, substance exist and astros and gases, light and maser, with this if it confirms the theory here supported of that the universe does not have age, therefore it is an infinite production and disintegration of itself exactly. E while some disintegrate others in other points of the infinite of the space starts if to form slowly for the dense
space.

If cosmo was produced at one alone moment, the astros would not have a spherical form so defined, some would be long and flattened others.


ON The DENSE SPACE, SUBSTANCE And ENERGY.

The energy exists in function of the substance, since its production until its carrier also for air, therefore the substance contains and produze the energy, therefore the energy does not have as to exist without the substance, and the substance if originates and is densificado dense space.


SUBSTANCE And ENERGY = DENSE SPACE DENSIFICADO.

It does not have as to speak of a universe that if it originates from a small ball in a great explosion, therefore which the origin of this ball, and gives where came the energy for explodiz it.

The great explosion contains varies contradictions and lack of origin beddings, cause and effect.


INTERPLANETARY And SPACE ATMOSPHERE.

The interplanetary space is constituted of gas to one [ pressure of ten raised to less 19 terrestrial atmospheres ]. That is a route that the space is not an emptiness without density, pressure, and is not a vacuum.


PLEA. If the gravitation attracted the astros, all the satellites would be plumb between the planet and the Sun, therefore the planet would hold of a side and the Sun of another one, and would be constantly in eclipse. Therefore that the dynamics depends on the energy and maser of astro. To see theory of the energeticidade and
maser.



THUS WE HAVE THE PHASES OF THE UNIVERSE.
The filamentosa space phase of density. The energy phase space filamentosa. The phase of the materiality - chemical atoms, and elements. The phase of immense astros, with little density, and little maser. The phase of the aglutinação, where the substance was if agglutinating, magnifying the internal temperature and the maser. The phase of the disintegration for the internal temperature and maser.
The phase of formation of new astros for the aglutinação of the expelled material of the maser of the first astros, thus we see that it is a stream and process of
integration, disintegration and new aglutinações.


DIRECT FORMATION For The DENSE SPACE, And FORMATION OF SECONDARY For
The FORMED SUBSTANCE ALREADY.

The material that already became astro after does not come back to be dense space the disintegration, but this material if integrates forming new lesser astros.

Thus it has two processes. 1- the process of direct formation for the dense space. 2- and the process for the disintegration of astro already produced, that it goes to reintegrate themselves and to form other minors.

Thus, the dense space is an immense one all, as an immense jelly without definite form. The universe is a process of direct form for the dense space, and a cycle process, where some are disintegrated and part of its material goes to construct others. With this we see that the origin, production and time of the universe are infinite, and the system of production of universes is much more old of that if it
imagines, in trillions of years.

E that exists some types of universes, ones of dense space, field of energy without substance, field of energy with substance, universes of atomic cores, gases, substance and astros if disintegrating and integrating others.



COSMIC EVOLUTION And EVOLUTION Of The CHEMICAL ELEMENTS.

Thus, the universe is a constant production and of cosmic evolution, direct production and disintegration, and secondary production of integration in new astros, while the chemical elements go if processing and evolving.



ON the REMOVAL.

The universe did not suffer a great explosion to produce its removal, but yes, the removal is product of the maser, rotation and of the great temperatures, that stimulate the astros for front, modifying its orbit. Or either, the nuclear fusing, the production of temperature and maser produce the lowermost removal between the astros. For that it has a ratio enters the distancias of the planets and satellites.


PLEA.

If the universe had suffered to a great explosion alone the galaxies would be if moving away, and the lesser astros as planets, comets and satellites would not be if moving away, and the gradual removal proves that all the astros if find in removal ones in relation to the others, thus, all the astros if they find in removal proceeding from its energy, maser and external temperature.


PLEA.

APPEARANCE To the RED For the EFFECT DOPPLER For the ROTATION And TRANSLATION Of the COSMO.

The front that the universe does not meet in expansion, but yes in minimum removal will be seen more, and what it is detected as appearance to the red nor it is this removal. Therefore it is insignificant in whom he refers to to the shift in the space, and what it gives the appearance to the red in Doppler effect is the shift of
the translation and rotation of astros and galaxies in the space.



REMOVAL FOR THE ACTION OF THE MASER.

We see then that, the universe is a constant creation for filaments of dense space of new new substances and the cosmos for the aglutinação of the casting and reintegrated materials already, while other cosmos more evolved if disintegrates for maser and high temperature, other lesser astros if they integrate with the material of that already they had been disintegrated and that they go to develop a next orbit to that gave to origin and initial impulse to it, for the maser and intense temperature. Thus one forms a direct production for the dense space, and a production for cycle of disintegration and integration for the disintegrated material, while the chemical elements evolve. E, while the universe if widens for the maser produced for the proper astros. E not for supposed a great explosion, therefore the removal is a process continues for the action of the maser, therefore that it decreases gradually and the initial impulse only tends to lose intensity. While the material universe if expands, the universe of filaments of the dense space if contracts, or either, it has two reverse situations.

The maser is proceeding mainly from the interactions of nuclear fusing in the inward of the astros. Or either, the same phenomenon - the maser - that it produces the orbit and the dynamics of the planets and satellites, also produces the widening of the universe and produces new astros, and is the producer of the structure of them, and of new chemical elements. One concludes thus, that cosmo is infinite in its
origin and will be in its future, as also he is infinite in the space and the new production of the cosmos, and new chemical elements. The process of slow creation goes against the process of instantaneous creation considered by the great explosion. To prove the displayed thesis above it is simple, is alone to evidence that the expansion if finds in decreasing progression. However as already it was seen, the universe if finds in production and removal and not in expansion.
Thus, while one is disintegrated and gone to produce others in other cantos of the universe the dense space if it processes giving to origin the galaxies of space gases. Thus, the universe is a process of direct birth for the dense space, of already been born, and birth of born others from already. Everything occurs for a direct hashing of the substance in the origin, is a fluxonária hashing in the
production of new chemical elements, new astros and new orbits. Second part.

ON the SUBSTANCE.

M = ED = and/t - substance is equal the solidiquicado dense space, that is equal to the energy divided for the time.

The substance is made solid energy dense space, or either, the chemical particles and elements are in the truth the dense space if processing energeticamente and producing solidification. E in a more advanced evolutivo period of training. Thus, the substance passes for a evolutivo process, and the substance - made solid energy dense space - always meets in an improvement, and passes for a slow and unified
process therefore that all the substance and the structure of the atom are equal.

PHASES OF FORMATION OF THE ASTROS.

Our universe did not initiate lowermost previous to a great explosion, but yes, infinitely great, entering in a contraction to produce the substance, passing for made solid energy that is the substance, it stops later structuralizing itself in particles, elements chemical,and finally astros.

Or either, the universe did not form astros instantaneamente, therefore that the astros and atoms possess cores.

First it is formed energy, later the substance and finally the astros, different of that it defends the great explosion.

Thus, the universe passes of the contraction. 1- of the space for energy and the substance. 2- of the substance for astros.

After the disintegration through the maser and intense temperatures.
It passes to the integration, where new astros are formed from the material of the maser. Thus, the universe and a stream of production cycles and estruturação and evolution, through.
1 - Contraction and solidification.
2 - Chemical evolution.
3 - Disintegration, removal and dynamics of the universe for the energy and maser.
4 - E integration in new astros.

E that the orbit, the dynamics, the removal and the disintegration of the universe are proceeding from the energy and maser, becoming the universe of flattened structure, where the astros already are structuralized and in gradual removal as he is ours, while others are to circulate and in formation through gases, and others with tentáculos as great galaxies.

COSMOFÍSICA and ASTROPHYSICS.

PRODUCER OF ITSELF.

The universe is an alive and dynamic system of production and estruturação, where it produces its proper energy for its functioning, estruturação and dynamics, being that the energy magnifies to the ratio that goes carrying through its functioning, and is a stream system, where the same interaction that produces the elements chemical, produces the astros for fusing. E also produces fields, maser, high temperatures, dynamics, orbits, structures of the astros, and the removal in the universe. Or either, it is a producer of itself, its structure and its functioning. Thus, it is a constant production of integration and disintegration.


AGE OF THE UNIVERSE.

With this, it can be deduced that the universe does not possess an origin determined in the time, much less in some place of the space, and it does not possess an origin determined in the estruturação of the substance and the astros that compose it. However, it has infinite age, therefore the dense space always was there and producing energy, substance, until arriving the astros.


FORM OF BEING OF THE UNIVERSE

Of contraction for the dense space. Of removal for the maser.
Of aglutinação for the material of the maser.

The universe passes for streams while it produces the chemical elements in the interactions of nuclear fusing in the center of the astros, where produces energy when processing the physical interactions and to produce its structure of astros, orbits and dynamics.

ON the MOVEMENT

If the related movement this with the maser, high temperatures, and physical interactions in the inward of the astros that are untied in the dense space to develop its dynamics. Soon the movement is natural and dynamic, and varies as the situations of energy production where if it finds astro. E if the dynamics obey a
stream, then the movement is dynamic, disforme and variable.



ON The DENSE SPACE.

Dense space produces the substance, while the produced substance already produces the astros and the chemical elements go being casting in the secondary stars and.


ON the SUBSTANCE

The substance is filaments of the contracted dense space, that go to structuralize the chemical universe in substance, astros, elements, maser, high temperature, and in the dynamic auto universe.


ON the COSMO

The universe is auto dynamic and while it produces the energy the physical interactions go being processed, and the maser acting and spreading the substance, the astros are in dynamics for the proper energy and maser, the chemical elements evolve and if they improve, improving the substance and structuralizing the universe, cosmo if contracts for the dense space, and if it widens for the action of the maser, then the universe is alive and auto dynamic.



ON the TIME

The time does not exist, what it exists is the timer of the memory marked for the functioning of the brain as conscience form of that happens between intervals of events. We can consider the secondary time as something, that it exists in function of the functioning of the conscience produced for the functioning of the brain. The speed of the timer of the man is the speed of functioning of the human brain.


ON the REMOVAL And WIDENING Of the COSMO.

Thus, the dynamics of the universe is proceeding from the constant maser, therefore that its widening if finds in decreasing progression.
E the astros had appeared of the aglutinação of the dense space, while the maser and the high temperatures disintegrate the astros.
Soon in the future and this part and period of training of the universe where in we find them the astros will be more cold and lesser.

Thus, the astros are untied and free in the space, and not imprisoned for presumptions fields, where the rotation of the galaxies is minor who the translation. While the substance appears of the dense space, where the astros are produced, others is formed in other points of the space, while the dynamics is common to all the astros and not only in the galaxies. Test of this we have in the solar system. With this we see that the widening is a constant production for the maser, and not for supposed a great explosion. Therefore the same phenomenon that
produces the translation, rotation, orbits, also produces the widening, therefore that the removal is gradual decreasing, it grows gradually, however it has a percentage of decrease in the progression.


The universe will tend if to waste and if to dilute in lesser astros, and with little energy, while in other parts it will initiate other universes with the material of the dense space. The universe possesss three basic forms of production
1 - structural, that it produces the substance and of the form,
2-other of action who gives to life the substance, that is the physical interactions, energy and maser in the inward of the astros.
3 - of production of new astros and chemical elements.


ON the FORMATION And AGE Of the ASTROS Of The SOLAR SYSTEM

It is confirmed that the asteroids are not perfectly round, therefore in its majority are a little flattened and prolongated. One confirms that they are resulted of expelled tablets of material of some planet or the Sun, being masses inteiriça and produced of one alone moment, while planets and satellites are astros round, where if confirms that it had a slow formation of overlapping of components of its elementary schools expelled for masers. This if confirms that the spherical ones had taken more time to form themselves, and confirms the displayed theory here.

Third part.

COSMOFÍSICA OF INTERACTIONS And ENERGY.

The universe could not appear of a ball of energy or substance to blow up, therefore it would appear to the question, of where this ball appeared of substance, and how much time it was there before the explosion, and what it formed it.

We see that the production of the substance and energy is a constant process of nuclear fusing, evolution of chemical elements and estruturação of new astros and galaxies in the space and other constant phenomena that form our slow universe. Soon, the universe is without beginning and end, in the time, the space, the materialization and production.

The phase of the astrophysics and cosmofísica, that is of the production of energy, maser and of the disintegration for maser and the integration of material with little temperature in the space, and where the peripheral astros had appeared.

If the universe had appeared of a great explosion the substance already would exist before the universe, and this not and possible of being, what we see in the truth is that the substance is part of a slow process, as the formation of the chemical elements is slow, as it is slow and constant the formation of the astros and the proper universe.

One of the forceful tests of the slow formation of the universe and its beginning of is for inside if closing on itself until becoming materialized, and that the astros are constituted of layers with greaters and minors densities, some layers ones on the others, and a gradual cooling until the inward of the astros. Soon, the universe
would not appear of a point, of inside for is.

STRUCTURES IN LAYERS.

Thus, the universe for being a slow process, and of is for inside and done of layers, evidences in the rotation and dynamics of Saturn rings, as also in the structure of the atom, and in the structure of the planet Land, or same in the atmosphere of the Land and Jupiter.
The substance and the universe are made of are for inside for the dense space, and the astros also for the material of the maser.

A great explosion would not give beginning to the universe, therefore it was itself the case already would exist before the explosion, and what he would produce the structure and the energy to blow up.

The chemical elements also weighed are products of a slow process of
formation.

PHASES - SOME UNIVERSES.

It has some universes. Of bubble of dense space, of energy of dense space, and of the free substance in the space, and of the substance estruturalizada in astros and the maser and high temperatures.

The fields, atoms, astros and proper cosmo as a whole are determined by the energy and intensity of the physical interactions where they meet as also the orbits, dynamic of the astros and atoms. Exactly the evolution of the chemical elements and evolution of the substance and astros and cosmo as a whole is resulted of the intensity of the physical interactions and production of energy.

The stars shine thanks to the spontaneous nuclear fusing in its cores, where light elements are transformed into chemical elements weighed.

We see in the universe that while stars diminish others blossom everything this if it gives in a slow process of creation and hashing in new elements and new astros.

With this cosmo if becomes the infinite in its origin and in the production, we see that it has some types of older universes ones, other new and other different ones, that it is created by a calm God, constructing the cosmos, beings and souls for the good.


PLEA Of the EXPANSION.

What it gives an appearance to have an immense expansion are the translation and the rotation of the galaxies, in the truth the translation is immensely bigger that the removal between the astros.

If the astros were if moving away straight-line for the age proposal until from the universe, all the astros would be so distant here that would be impossible to see nor the Sun, the more the red of Doppler effect. One concludes that the universe is not in expansion, but yes in translation and rotation, and a minimum removal billions of lesser times of that any translation.

All the galaxies are if opening as a sunflower, or either, if moving away from its center, and in translation and rotation therefore that we have a notion of an immense expansion, however that is an appearance of the effect of the translation and rotation of the galaxies, therefore of the the opposite they would be infinitely
distant one of the others, being impossible to register its same position or any form of light, even though of the Sun. A time that possesss infinite origin and constant production.

Therefore we have notion of that all are if distanciando of the Sun, therefore with rotation and translation effect Doppler for red is registered with big intensity, and that it gives an appearance of that the Sun is in the center of the universe, therefore the movement is translacional and rotational of that of removal.

If the expansion was product of a great explosion the galaxies infinitely distant and already would be parked in the space. Thus, for being possible to detect the appearance of the galaxies and its dynamics, it evidences that the universe did not originate from a great explosion and nor the supposed expansion is product of a great
explosion, then the universe is infinitely old, and its supposed expansion is origin and product of its maser, and is braked by the dense space. E has left of that we detect as expansion is the appearance of the translation and rotation of the galaxies.

With the time for the formation of the substance, with the time of the evolution of the chemical elements, formation of the astros, esferficação of the external structure of the astros, if see that the universe is infinitely old, then if the supposed expansion is related to supposed a great explosion would not give to detect the existence of the galaxies in the space, therefore they would be
infinitely distant.

As also, of where the substance would appear to produce a great explosion.

The origin of the substance for the dense space, evolution of the chemical elements, formation and esferificação almost that perfect of the astros, layers of atmosphere and structure of the astros and the existence of the galaxies it confirms the theory of the origin of the universe for the dense space, the production of the universe for
the physical interactions and fusing. E the dynamics for the energy, impulse for the maser and the physical interactions, as also the cosmic brake of the dynamics of the astros for the dense space. Thus, the universe was not produced at one alone moment in a great explosion and also it does not meet in expansion, but yes in a minimum and
insignificant removal, billions of lesser times of that any speed of translation and is easy to visualize.

If the planet Neptune has as many kilometers of removal of the Sun and it it developed today until how many rollbacks around the Sun and with that speed. This calculation serves for any astro.


CALCULATION OF REMOVAL OF THE UNIVERSE.

Removal in km of the elementary school/number of rollbacks on the elementary school * arc of

distancia in km of the translation = the approach value of one removal astro since the beginning of its formation.

Example.

The ray of the Sun until the Land has 150.000.000 of km, being that I circulate it in rollback it has 3,5 times approximately this ray, and that the Land already gave 1.000.000 of rollbacks more than, or either, to calculate the removal of the Land, have that


Amaltéia satellite if evidences that it folloies with its translation the Jupiter rotation, as a son next to the mother.

This in only comes to confirm them the displayed one until here, that the satellites if originate from filaments of gases of the atmosphere of the planets, and that the translation if originates together with the origin of the proper satellite, or same can be said that they before exactly of being one astro already meet in dynamics.

The rotation of the elementary school espirala and condenses next to the equator the atmosphere, where of this espiralamento of gases goes to form new astros, that these gases already meet in translacional dynamics and variation and density in its form and structure.

The gas that forms a spiral cinturão if processes and moves for one alone point next to the equator, for two reasons, magnetism of astro and centrifuga of rotation, where it goes to start to give beginning to a sphere, that is the esferificação process that will become in astro.
To if forming it it will be distanciará giving condition other successive ones that they will come if to structuralize.

Thus, the paths are,

1-Formação of the atmosphere for the maser, and shift of this atmosphere on astro for the proper action of the maser.

2-Espiralamento of the atmosphere for the rotation of astro and shift of the atmosphere, that if dislocates next to the equator.

3-Esferificação of this spiral atmosphere with translation.

4-A sphere beyond the translation and removal that already possuía, also passes if to distanciar of the elementary school that formed it. E the process continues, while astro if moves away and translada, also starts to produce its rotation.

Therefore that amount of translation, removal and rotation depend on all energy in processing of astro, that it goes to produce all maser of astro in the space. E therefore that when aging all dynamics tends to diminish, therefore already spent almost everything that could.


FREE DYNAMICS, PROPER And DECREASING For the ENERGY.

One confirms that the dynamics is proper of astro and proportional its energy, and that the astros are free in the space, and this freedom and maser make with that they move away themselves from its elementary schools. Soon, if they move away themselves for maser cannot be attracted.


CONCLUSION.

COSMOFÍSICA.

Considerações.

Tests of that the universe is processes of infinite estruturação.

What test that the universe if structure for a slow process is through the esferificação of the astros and that the land to be formed of core and layers, therefore test that the astros are formed of overlapping of small materials that had been expelled by others. Therefore if the universe was produced at one moment for a great explosion the land alone would be formed by a inteiriço tablet. With the esferificação and layers if test that the universe is billions of older times of the one than if it thinks today.

E if is infinitely old and considering the speed and the appearance for the observed red, with this if it concludes that we would not see the sun and no star in the space, therefore the time that if finds in speed they would be infinitely distant, and would not be capable to observe none astro in the space.

Considerações on a theory of cosmology and astronomy.

A theory of cosmology and astronomy must be based on the general universe, of the origin of the substance, of particles, origin of the chemical elements and its estruturação, processing, and evolution, nuclear fusing of the astros, maser, temperature, estruturação and structure of the astros, the universe as a system in evolution in its constitution macro, generality and micron.

What it is the universe. It is dense space, densificada substance, processes and structure, streams and evolution, without beginning and end.

The structure of the dense space. As the gases that are light, invisible and they float the dense space is millions of times less densificado.

False hypothesis of the great explosion. Everything before blowing up first has that to be formed of some element, or some structure of substance or dense space, then the hypothesis of the great explosion is false.

On the cosmological time.

The cosmological time is the time that represents the energy and processing in a system of astros.

Cosmofísica.

Universe of lowermost processes.

What componhe and determines cosmo in its structure is its physical
processes,

production of particles and chemical elements and its evolution, in the cores where the fusing estelares happens, or either, the universe micron determines the macro and the generality, a system of galaxies alone goes to confide conforms the intensity of physical processes that are produced in the system. It will have chemical lights and forms and streams, components, fusing in agreement the general
physical processing.

Of the multiplicity of the universe.

The universe is multiple, or either, is several in some periods of training of origin, processing, estruturação, stream and disintegration. It has origin for the density of the space that forms the substance, later the energy and during the process he forms the chemical elements and the astros.

Of the stream of the universe.

The universe if structure of are for inside [ for integration of the dense space ] after inside for are [ for disintegration of the substance ] for the processes and fusing of the substance and in the cores of the astros. It comes back if to reintegrate forming astros minors and with little energy, later if disintegrates in maser, and if it reintegrates in astro, and the stream and processes it continues
until the substance if to become diffuse and with little energy.

As example if it has of the dense space and the substance, of the substance to astro, the star that produces maser, that go to produce planets, that goes to produce maser and atmosphere, that goes to produce maser, rings and satellites, and the stream and estruturantes and desistruturantes processes continue infinitely until the diffuse substance.

Where it takes the substance to evolve and to produce the elements chemical. Thus the universe is infinite and without definitive form. Thus, the universe if finds in contraction and internal widening, but not in expansion and yes in lowermost removal, if it finds in translation and rotation, estruturação, streams and evolution of its components. While some start its origin, others meet in streams and
processes, while others already meet in the final phase that is in diffuse substance.

Nuclear Cosmofísica. Nuclear fusing.

The nuclear fusing of the stars keeps for a good time the temperature of the astros, with this it makes with that the universe if processes slowly, and can keep its stream and evolution of the substance and chemical elements and helps it transforms it light elements into heavy, and goes to produce the energy and dynamics of the astros, for that secondary the most distant ones possess dynamic little and the
orbits are more irregular. Or either, satellites of planets, planets of stars.

Thus, the universe and its stream and estruturação if must its production of energy, as also the evolution of the elements and the dynamics of the astros.

The energy production goes to also determine the layers and esferificação of the astros. Not expansionista and not stationary universe. Thus one confirms that the universe if finds in lowermost removal and not in expansion, and it does not meet parked therefore possesss rotation, translation, streams, evolution and other
phenomena.

Evolutivo. One meets in evolution in its structure micron and macro, of the elements to the astros. E if eternalizes as substance with diffuse density. He is not arched and nor straight. Comment. The theory of the energeticidade and maser that deals with astronomy will be presented in another text. With more than one hundred and ten
formulas proving the two theories, therefore use diameter, maser, temperature, rotation and equatorial speed. Distancia E not use mass or gravitation