quinta-feira, dezembro 01, 2022
A Conferência de Teerão terminou há 79 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 07:09 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alemanha, Conferência de Teerão, Dia D, Estaline, Estónia, Europa, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, II Grande Guerra, II Guerra Mundial, Letónia, Lituânia, países bálticos, Polónia, URSS, Winston Churchill
domingo, setembro 11, 2022
Arvo Part nasceu há 87 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 08:07 0 bocas
Marcadores: Arvo Pärt, Estónia, Minimalista, música, Salve Regina, tintinnabuli
Música adequada à data...
Postado por Pedro Luna às 00:08 0 bocas
Marcadores: Arvo Pärt, Estónia, Für Alina, Minimalista, música, tintinnabuli
sábado, setembro 10, 2022
O astrónomo Ernst Opik morreu há 37 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:37 0 bocas
Marcadores: astronomia, Estónia, nuvem de Oort, Opik, Reino Unido
terça-feira, agosto 23, 2022
Hitler vendeu a Estaline os Países Bálticos, Finlândia e meia Polónia e teve autorização para começar a guerra há 83 anos
Antecedentes
Postado por Fernando Martins às 08:30 0 bocas
Marcadores: direitos humanos, Estaline, Estónia, Finlândia, Hitler, Letónia, Lituânia, nazis, ocupação, Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop, Pacto Ribbentrop-Molotov, países bálticos, URSS
Os povos bálticos deram as mãos para acabar com a ocupação soviética há 33 anos...!
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:33 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alemanha, comunismo, direitos humanos, Estónia, Letónia, Lituânia, nazis, Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop, países bálticos, URSS
quinta-feira, junho 16, 2022
A URSS ocupou os países bálticos há 82 anos, como acordado no pacto entre Hitler e Estaline
The Soviet occupation of the Baltic states covers the period from the Soviet–Baltic mutual assistance pacts in 1939, to their invasion and annexation in 1940, to the mass deportations of 1941.
On June 12, 1940, according to the director of the Russian State Archive of the Naval Department Pavel Petrov (C.Phil.) referring to the records in the archive, the Soviet Baltic Fleet was ordered to implement a total military blockade of Estonia. On June 13 at 10:40 AM Soviet forces started to move to their positions and were ready by June 14 at 10 PM: Four submarines and a number of light navy units were positioned in the Baltic Sea, in the Gulfs of Riga and Finland to isolate the Baltic states by the sea; a navy squadron including three destroyer divisions was positioned to the west of Naissaar in order to support the invasion; the 1st marine brigade's four battalions were positioned on the transport ships Sibir, 2nd Pjatiletka and Elton for landings on the islands Naissaare and Aegna; the transport ship Dnester and destroyers Storozevoi and Silnoi were positioned with troops for the invasion of the capital Tallinn; the 50th battalion was positioned on ships for an invasion near Kunda. 120 Soviet vessels participated in the naval blockade, including one cruiser, seven destroyers, and seventeen submarines, along with 219 airplanes including the 8th air-brigade with 84 DB-3 and Tupolev SB bombers and the 10th brigade with 62 airplanes.
On June 14, 1940, the Soviets issued an ultimatum to Lithuania. The Soviet military blockade of Estonia went into effect while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany. Two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger airplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the U.S. legations in Tallinn, Riga and Helsinki. The US Foreign Service employee Henry W. Antheil, Jr. was killed in the crash.
Molotov accused the Baltic states of conspiracy against the Soviet Union and delivered an ultimatum to all Baltic countries for the establishment of Soviet-approved governments. Threatening invasion and accusing the three states of violating the original pacts as well as forming a conspiracy against the Soviet Union, Moscow presented ultimatums, demanding new concessions, which included the replacement of their governments and allowing an unlimited number of troops to enter the three countries. Hundreds of thousands Soviet troops entered Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. These additional Soviet military forces far outnumbered the armies of each country.
The Baltic governments had decided that, given their international isolation and the overwhelming Soviet forces on their borders and already on their territories, it was futile to actively resist and better to avoid bloodshed in an unwinnable war. The occupation of the Baltic states coincided with a communist coup d'état in each country, supported by the Soviet troops.
Most of the Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence Leaguesurrendered according to the orders of the Estonian Government and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion stationed in Tallinn at Raua Street showed resistance to the Red Army and "People's Self-Defence" Communist militia, fighting the invading troops on 21 June 1940. As the Red Army brought in additional reinforcements supported by six armoured fighting vehicles, the battle lasted several hours until sundown. Finally the military resistance was ended with negotiations and the Independent Signal Battalion surrendered and was disarmed. There were two dead Estonian servicemen, Aleksei Männikus and Johannes Mandre, and several wounded on the Estonian side and about ten killed and more wounded on the Soviet side. The Soviet militia that participated in the battle was led by Nikolai Stepulov.
Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty at the time, said in his 1939 radio broadcast: that the Russian armies should stand on this line was clearly necessary for the safety of Russia against the Nazi menace. At any rate, the line is there, and an Eastern front has been created which Nazi Germany does not dare assail. When Herr von Ribbentrop was summoned to Moscow last week it was to learn the fact, and to accept the fact, that the Nazi designs upon the Baltic States and upon the Ukraine must come to a dead stop.
Political repressions followed with mass deportations carried out by the Soviets. The Serov Instructions, "On the Procedure for carrying out the Deportation of Anti-Soviet Elements from Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia", contained detailed procedures and protocols to observe in the deportation of Baltic nationals.
The Soviets began a constitutional metamorphosis of the Baltic states by first forming transitional "People's Governments." Led by Stalin’s close associates, and local communist supporters as well as official brought in from the Soviet Union, they forced the presidents and governments of all three countries to resign, replacing them with the provisional People's Governments.
On July 14–15, following illegal amendments to the electoral laws of the respective states, rigged parliamentary elections for the "People's Parliaments" were conducted by local Communists loyal to the Soviet Union. Because of new election restrictions in the amended electoral laws, only the Communists and their allies were effectively allowed to run. The election results were completely fabricated: the Soviet press service released them early, with the result that they had already appeared in print in a London newspaper a full 24 hours before the polls closed.
The new Soviet-installed governments in the Baltic states began to align their policies with current Soviet practices. According to the prevailing doctrine in the process, the old "bourgeois" societies were destroyed so that new socialist societies, run by loyal Soviet citizens, could be constructed in their place.
Postado por Fernando Martins às 08:20 0 bocas
Marcadores: direitos humanos, Estónia, Letónia, Lituânia, ocupação, Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop, países bálticos, URSS
quinta-feira, março 03, 2022
O Tratado de Brest-Litovski foi assinado há 104 anos
in Wikipédia
Postado por Fernando Martins às 01:04 0 bocas
Marcadores: Estónia, Finlândia, I Grande Guerra, I Guerra Mundial, Letónia, Lituânia, Polónia, Tratado de Brest-Litovski, URSS
quarta-feira, dezembro 01, 2021
A Conferência de Teerão terminou há 78 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 07:08 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alemanha, Conferência de Teerão, Dia D, Estaline, Estónia, Europa, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, II Grande Guerra, II Guerra Mundial, Letónia, Lituânia, países bálticos, Polónia, URSS, Winston Churchill
sábado, setembro 11, 2021
Arvo Part nasceu há 86 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 08:06 0 bocas
Marcadores: Arvo Pärt, De Profundis, Estónia, Minimalista, música, tintinnabuli
sexta-feira, setembro 10, 2021
O astrónomo Ernst Opik morreu há 36 anos
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:36 0 bocas
Marcadores: astronomia, Estónia, nuvem de Oort, Opik, Reino Unido
segunda-feira, agosto 23, 2021
Os valentes povos bálticos deram as mãos para acabar com a ocupação soviética há 32 anos!
Postado por Fernando Martins às 00:32 0 bocas
Marcadores: Alemanha, comunismo, direitos humanos, Estónia, Letónia, Lituânia, nazis, Pacto Molotov-Ribbentrop, países bálticos, URSS