O naturalista Petrus Camper nasceu há 302 anos

  

Petrus Camper (Leiden, 11 de maio de 1722 - Haia, 7 de abril de 1789) foi um anatomista, antropólogo, fisiologista, parteiro, zoólogo, paleontólogo e naturalista holandês na Idade do Iluminismo. Ele foi um dos primeiros a se interessar por anatomia comparada, paleontologia e ângulo facial. Ele foi um dos primeiros a definir uma "antropologia", que distinguiu da história natural. Ele estudou o orangotango, o rinoceronte de Java e o crânio de um mosassauro, que ele acreditava ser duma baleia. Camper era uma celebridade na Europa e tornou-se membro da Royal Society (1750), Göttingen (1779) e da Academia Russa de Ciências (1778), da Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783), da francesa (1786) e da prussiana Academia de Ciências (1788). Ele projetou e construiu ferramentas para seus pacientes e para cirurgias. Ele era desenhista amador, escultor, patrono da arte e um político monárquico conservador. Camper publicou algumas palestras contendo um relato de sua craniometria. Isso lançou a base de todo o trabalho subsequente. 

 

Imagem de um homem com base nas medições do Petrus Camper

   

Petrus Camper é conhecido por sua teoria do ângulo facial (prognatismo). Ele determinou que os humanos tinham ângulos faciais entre 70° e 80°, com ângulos africanos e asiáticos mais próximos de 70° e europeus mais próximos de 80. De acordo com sua nova técnica de retratos, um ângulo é formado pelo desenho de duas linhas: uma horizontalmente a partir de a narina até a orelha e a outra perpendicularmente da parte avançada do osso maxilar superior até a parte mais proeminente da testa. Ele afirmou que as estátuas greco-romanas antigas apresentavam um ângulo de 100°-95°, europeus de 80°, 'orientais' de 70°, negros de 70° e orangotango de 42-58°. Ele afirmou que, de todas as raças, os africanos eram os mais distantes do senso clássico de beleza ideal. Esses resultados foram posteriormente usados ​​como racismo científico, com pesquisas continuadas por Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire e Paul Broca.

Camper, no entanto, concordou com Buffon em traçar uma linha nítida entre humanos e animais (embora tenha sido mal interpretado por Diderot, que alegou ser um defensor da teoria da Grande Cadeia do Ser). Camper confirmou a classificação das espécies por Lineu.

 

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O naturalista Petrus Camper nasceu há 301 anos

  

Peter, Pieter, or usually Petrus Camper (Leiden, 11 May 1722 – The Hague, 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and a naturalist. He studied the orangutan, the Javan rhinoceros, and the skull of a mosasaur, which he believed was a whale. Camper was a celebrity in Europe and became a member of the Royal Society (1750), the Göttingen (1779), and Russian Academy of Sciences (1778), the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783), the French (1786) and the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1788). He designed and constructed tools for his patients, and for surgeries. He was an amateur drawer, a sculptor, a patron of art and a conservative, royalist politician. Camper published some lectures containing an account of his craniometrical methods. These laid the foundation of all subsequent work.

   

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O naturalista Petrus Camper nasceu há três séculos

  

Peter, Pieter, or usually Petrus Camper (Leiden, 11 May 1722 – The Hague, 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and a naturalist. He studied the orangutan, the Javan rhinoceros, and the skull of a mosasaur, which he believed was a whale. Camper was a celebrity in Europe and became a member of the Royal Society (1750), the Göttingen (1779), and Russian Academy of Sciences (1778), the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783), the French (1786) and the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1788). He designed and constructed tools for his patients, and for surgeries. He was an amateur drawer, a sculptor, a patron of art and a conservative, royalist politician. Camper published some lectures containing an account of his craniometrical methods. These laid the foundation of all subsequent work.

   

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O naturalista Petrus Camper nasceu há 299 anos

  

Peter, Pieter, or usually Petrus Camper (Leiden, 11 May 1722 – The Hague, 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and a naturalist. He studied the orangutan, the rhinoceros, and the skull of a mosasaur, which he believed was a whale. One of the first to interest himself in comparative anatomy and paleontology, he also invented the measure of the facial angle. Camper was not a dull professor in his library, becoming a celebrity in Europe and a member of the Royal Society. He was interested in architecture, mathematics, and made drawings for his lectures. He designed and made tools for his patients, always trying to be practical. Besides he was a sculptor, a patron of art and a conservative politician.

   

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O naturalista Petrus Camper nasceu há 295 anos

Peter, Pieter, or usually Petrus Camper (Leiden, 11 May 1722 – The Hague, 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and a naturalist. He studied the orangutan, the rhinoceros, and the skull of a mosasaur, which he believed was a whale. One of the first to interest himself in comparative anatomy and paleontology, he also invented the measure of the facial angle. Camper was not a dull professor in his library, becoming a celebrity in Europe and a member of the Royal Society. He was interested in architecture, mathematics, and made drawings for his lectures. He designed and made tools for his patients, always trying to be practical. Besides he was a sculptor, a patron of art and a conservative politician.

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