Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta maldição. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta maldição. Mostrar todas as mensagens

sexta-feira, abril 05, 2024

O quinto Conde de Carnarvon morreu há cento e um anos...


George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (Mayfair, London, 26 June 1866 – Cairo, 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
  
Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.

Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.
  
     
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology
    
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
   
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.
   

segunda-feira, março 18, 2024

O grão-mestre dos Templários foi executado, na fogueira, há 710 anos...

   
Jacques de Molay (Vitrey, 1243/1244 ou 1249/1250 - Paris, 18 de março de 1314) nasceu no Condado da Borgonha e pertencia a uma família da pequena nobreza franca.
  
(...) 
  
Na sexta-feira de 13 de outubro de 1307, os templários no reino da França são presos em massa por ordem de Filipe, o Belo. O grão-mestre Jacques de Molay é capturado em Paris. Imediatamente após a prisão, Guillaume de Nogaret proclama publicamente nos jardins do palácio real em Paris as acusações contra a ordem.
  
Esta manobra régia impedira o inquérito pontifício pedido pelo próprio grão-mestre, o qual interno à Igreja, discreto e desenvolvido com base no direito canónico, emendaria a ordem das suas faltas promovendo a sua reforma interna.
 
A prisão, as torturas, as confissões do grão-mestre, criam um conflito diplomático com a Santa Sé, sendo o papa o único com autoridade para efetuar esta ação. Depois de uma guerra diplomática face ao processo instaurado contra a ordem entre Filipe, o Belo e Clemente V, chegam a um impasse, pois estando o grão-mestre e o Preceptor da Normandia, Geoffroy de Charnay sob custódia dos agentes do rei, estão no entanto protegidos pela imunidade sancionada pelo papa e absolvidos não podendo ser considerados heréticos.
 
Em 1314 o rei pressiona para uma decisão relativa à sorte dos prisioneiros. Já num estado terminal da sua doença, com violentas hemorragias internas que o impedem de sair do leito, Clemente V ordena que uma comissão de bispos trate da questão. As suas ordens seriam a salvação dos prisioneiros ficando estes num regime de prisão perpétua sob custódia apostólica e assegurando ao rei que a temida recuperação da ordem não será efetuada. Perante a comissão Jacques de Molay e Geoffroy de Charnay proclamam a inocência de toda a ordem face às acusações dirigidas a ela, a comissão para o processo e decide consultar a vontade do papa neste assunto. 
 
Ao ver que o processo estava ficando fora do seu controle e estando a absolvição da ordem ainda pendente, Filipe, o Belo decide um golpe de mão para que a questão templária fosse terminada, ordena o rapto de Jacques de Molay e de Geoffroy de Charnay, então sob a custódia da comissão de bispos, e ordena que sejam queimados na fogueira na Ile de la Cité pouco depois das vésperas em 18 de março de 1314.
  
(...)
  
Jacques DeMolay, durante a sua morte na fogueira, intimou aos seus três carrascos a comparecer diante do tribunal de Deus, amaldiçoando os descendentes do Rei da França, Filipe o Belo. O primeiro a morrer foi o Papa Clemente V, logo em seguida o Chefe da Guarda e conselheiro real, Guilherme de Nogaret, e no dia 27 de novembro de 1314 morreu o rei Filipe IV, com 46 anos de idade.
   
 

sábado, março 02, 2024

O arqueólogo Howard Carter morreu há 85 anos...

 
Howard Carter (Kensington, 9 de maio de 1874 - Londres, 2 de março de 1939) foi um arqueólogo e egiptólogo britânico que ficou conhecido por ter descoberto o túmulo do faraó Tutankhamon no Vale dos Reis (datado do século XIV a.C.)

   

  

Biografia

Howard Carter nasceu em Londres, Inglaterra, e era filho de Samuel John Carter, um artista que treinou e desenvolveu os talentos artísticos do filho, e de sua mulher Martha Joyce Sands.

Em 1891, aos 17 anos, foi convidado pelo Fundo de Exploração Egípcia para se tornar assistente de Percy Newberry na escavação e nos registos arqueológicos dos túmulos do Império Médio, encontrados em Beni Haçane. Embora ainda jovem, foi inovador nos métodos de transcrição das decorações dos túmulos. Em 1892, Howard Carter trabalhou sob a tutela de Flinders Petrie, um dos mais importantes arqueólogos britânicos, por uma época em Amarna, a capital fundada pelo faraó Aquenáton. Entre 1894 e 1899 juntou-se à equipa de Édouard Naville em Deir Elbari, onde era responsável por registar os relevos de parede do templo de Hatexepsute.

Em 1899, Carter tornou-se no primeiro inspetor-chefe do Serviço das Antiguidades Egípcias, fundado por Auguste Mariette em 1858. Durante este período, supervisionou várias escavações em Tebas Antiga (também conhecida por Luxor), quando foi transferido em 1904 para a Fiscalização do Baixo Egito. Em 1905 demitiu-se do seu cargo no Serviço das Antiguidades Egípcias, após um inquérito sobre um incidente (conhecido como o Saqqara Affair) que envolveu guardas locais egípcios e um grupo de turistas franceses, no qual ele apoiou os egípcios.

 

Túmulo de Tutancâmon

Em 1907 Carter foi contratado por Lorde Carnarvon para supervisionar as escavações que ele financiava no Egito. Estes trabalhos prosseguiram no Vale dos Reis até 1914, quando precisaram ser interrompidos por causa da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Em 1917, as escavações foram retomadas. Porém, depois de vários anos de buscas infrutíferas, em 1922 Carnarvon avisou Carter de que financiaria apenas mais um ano de pesquisas pela tumba que procurava. 
Em 4 de novembro de 1922, o grupo de escavação de Carter encontrou os degraus que levavam à tumba. Ele então avisou Carnarvon da descoberta e esperou que ele viesse até o local das escavações. Então, em 26 de novembro de 1922, na presença de Lorde Carnarvon, da filha de Carnarvon e de algumas outras pessoas, Howard Carter abriu uma pequena brecha no canto superior esquerdo da porta de entrada, espaço suficiente para que a luz de uma vela pudesse revelar que muitos tesouros de ouro e marfim estavam intactos. Era uma antecâmara, de onde podia se ver uma promissora porta selada, guardada por duas estátuas sentinelas. Quando Carnarvon lhe perguntou se estava vendo alguma coisa, Carter proferiu sua célebre frase: "Yes, wonderful things" ou "Sim, coisas maravilhosas".  

Os meses seguintes foram gastos no inventário de todo o imenso conteúdo desta antecâmara da tumba, sob cuidadosa supervisão das autoridades egípcias, pois apenas em presença delas é que se podia abrir oficialmente uma tumba. O Diretor Geral do Departamento de Antiguidades do Egito, Pierre Lacau supervisionou pessoalmente a atuação da equipe britânica.

Finalmente, em 16 de fevereiro de 1923, Carter pôde abrir a porta selada, descobrindo que ela levava a uma câmara onde o faraó havia sido sepultado. Foi então que descobriram o sarcófago de Tutancâmon. Este túmulo é, de longe, o mais intacto e preservado descoberto em todo o Vale dos Reis, de elevado valor histórico e arqueológico. A imprensa mundial cobriu estes feitos e as reportagens fizeram de Howard Carter uma celebridade.

A exploração do túmulo e a catalogação de seus milhares de objetos prosseguiu até 1932. 

 

Morte

Carter morreu da doença de Hodgkin aos 64 anos em seu apartamento em Londres em 49 Albert Court, ao lado do Royal Albert Hall, em 2 de março de 1939. Ele foi enterrado no Putney Vale Cemetery em Londres, em 6 de março, com nove pessoas comparecendo ao seu funeral.

O seu amor pelo Egito permaneceu forte; o epitáfio em sua lápide diz: "Que seu espírito viva, que você passe milhões de anos, você que ama Tebas, sentado com seu rosto ao vento norte, seus olhos contemplando a felicidade", uma citação tirada do Cálice dos Desejos de Tutancâmon, e "Ó noite, abre tuas asas sobre mim como as estrelas imperecíveis".

O inventário foi concedido em 5 de julho de 1939 ao egiptólogo Henry Burton e ao editor Bruce Sterling Ingram. Carter é descrito como Howard Carter de Luxor, Alto Egito, África, e de 49 Albert Court, Kensington Grove, Kensington, Londres. Seu patrimônio foi avaliado em £ 2 002 (equivalente a £ 132.051 em 2021). A segunda concessão de inventário foi emitida no Cairo em 1 de setembro de 1939. Em seu papel como executor, Burton identificou pelo menos 18 itens na coleção de antiguidades de Carter que haviam sido retirados do túmulo de Tutancâmon sem autorização. Como este era um assunto sensível que poderia afetar as relações anglo-egípcias, Burton procurou conselhos mais amplos, finalmente recomendando que os itens fossem discretamente apresentados ou vendidos para o Metropolitan Museum of Art, com a maioria eventualmente indo para lá ou para o Museu Egípcio no Cairo. Os itens do Metropolitan Museum foram posteriormente devolvidos ao Egito.

     

quarta-feira, abril 05, 2023

O quinto Conde de Carnarvon morreu há um século...


George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (Mayfair, London, 26 June 1866 – Cairo, 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
  
Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.

Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.
  
     
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology
    
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
   
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.
   

terça-feira, abril 05, 2022

O fantástico quinto Conde de Carnarvon morreu há 99 anos


George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (Mayfair, London, 26 June 1866 – Cairo, 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
  
Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.

Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.
  
     
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology
    
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
   
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.
   

segunda-feira, abril 05, 2021

O famoso quinto Conde de Carnarvon morreu há 98 anos


George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (Mayfair, London, 26 June 1866 – Cairo, 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
  
Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.

Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.
  
     
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology
    
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
   
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.
   

sexta-feira, abril 05, 2019

A morte de Lord Carnavon, há 96 anos, deu origem à estória da maldição da múmia

Lady and Lord Carnarvon at the races in June 1921

George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (26 June 1866 – 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.
Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.

   
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology.
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.

quinta-feira, abril 05, 2018

A morte de Lord Carnavon, há 95 anos, deu origem à estória da maldição da múmia

Lady and Lord Carnarvon at the races in June 1921

George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (Highclere Castle, Hampshire, 26 June 1866 – Cairo, 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
 
Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.
 
Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.

    
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology.
  
Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.
  
Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.
   

sexta-feira, abril 05, 2013

A morte de Lord Carnavon, há 90 anos, deu origem à estória da maldição da múmia

Lady and Lord Carnarvon at the races in June 1921

George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (26 June 1866 – 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.

Exceedingly wealthy, Carnarvon was at first best known as an owner of racehorses and a reckless driver of early automobiles, suffering in 1901 a serious motoring accident near Bad Schwalbach in Germany which left him significantly disabled. In 1902, he established Highclere Stud to breed thoroughbred racehorses. In 1905, he was appointed one of the Stewards at the new Newbury Racecourse. His family has maintained the connection ever since. His grandson, the 7th Earl, was racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II from 1969, and one of Her Majesty's closest friends.

Styled Lord Porchester from birth, he was born at the family seat, Highclere Castle, in Hampshire, the only son of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon, a distinguished Tory statesman, by his first wife Lady Evelyn Stanhope, daughter of George Stanhope, 6th Earl of Chesterfield. Aubrey Herbert was his half-brother. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, succeeding his father in the earldom in 1890.

   
Egyptology
Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations. It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon. He received in 1914 the concession to dig in the Valley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology.

Family
Lord Carnarvon married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra Wombwell, daughter of millionaire banker Alfred de Rothschild, at St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, on 26 June 1895. They had two children:
Some of Carnarvon's modern relatives (George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon and his family), who still live in England, own Highclere Castle, which was the film location of the famous television series, Downton Abbey.

Death - The Mummy's Curse
On 25 March 1923 Carnarvon suffered a severe mosquito bite infected by a razor cut. On 5 April, he died in the Continental-Savoy Hotel in Cairo. This led to the story of the "Curse of Tutankhamun", the "Mummy's Curse". His death is most probably explained by blood poisoning (progressing to pneumonia) after accidentally shaving a mosquito bite infected with erysipelas. Carnarvon's tomb, appropriately for an archaeologist, is located within an ancient hill fort overlooking his family seat at Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire. Carnarvon was survived by his wife Almina, who re-married, and their two children.

domingo, março 18, 2012

O último grão-mestre dos Templários foi queimado há 698 anos

Placa no lugar da sua execução, na Île de la Cité (na Pont-Neuf), em Paris; traduzindo para o português: Neste local, Jacques de Molay, último Grão-Mestre da Ordem dos Templários, foi queimado, em 18 de março de 1314

Jacques de Molay (Vitrey-sur-Mance, 1243/1244 ou 1249/1250 - Paris, 18 de março de 1314) foi um nobre e militar, nascido em Vitrey-sur-Mance, à época um povoado do Condado da Borgonha. Pertencente a uma família da pequena nobreza francesa, foi cavaleiro e grão-mestre da Ordem dos Cavaleiros Templários.

Nascido em Vitrey-sur-Mance, atualmente localizada no departamento de Haute-Saône, França, embora à época o vilarejo pertencesse ao Condado da Borgonha. Jacques de Molay nasceu provavelmente no ano de 1244, numa família da pequena nobreza francesa. Muito pouco se sabe sobre sua infância e adolescência.
Aos seus 21 anos de idade, como muitos filhos da nobreza europeia, de Molay entrou para a Ordem dos Cavaleiros Templários, organização sancionada pela Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana em 1128, para proteger e guardar as estradas entre Jerusalém e Acre, sendo a última, à época, um importante porto no mar Mediterrâneo. A Ordem dos Cavaleiros Templários participou das Cruzadas, e conquistou um nome de valor e heroísmo.
Nobres de toda a Europa enviavam seus filhos para serem cavaleiros templários, e isso fez com que a Ordem passasse a ser muito rica e popular em todo o continente europeu e Oriente Médio.
Em 1298, Jacques de Molay foi nomeado grão-mestre dos Cavaleiros Templários, uma posição de poder e prestígio. Assumiu o cargo após a morte de seu antecessor Thibaud Gaudin, no mesmo ano - 1298.
Como Grão-Mestre, Jacques passou por uma difícil posição pois as cruzadas não estavam atingindo seus objetivos. O anticristianismo sarraceno derrotou as Cruzadas em batalhas. capturando algumas cidades e portos vitais dos cavaleiros templários e dos hospitalários (outra ordem de cavalaria), restaram apenas um único grupo do confronto contra os sarracenos.
Os templários resolveram, então, se reorganizar e readquirir sua força. Viajaram para a ilha de Chipre, esperando que o público geral se levantasse em apoio à outra Cruzada.
Em vez de apoio público, como sempre, os cavaleiros atraíram a atenção dos poderosos senhores feudais, muito deles seus parentes, pois para se entrar na ordem teria de se pertencer à nobreza. Em 1305, Filipe IV, "o Belo", rei de França, resolveu obter o controle dos templários para impedir a ascensão da ordem no poder da Igreja católica. O rei era amigo de Jacques de Molay, um de seus filhos era afilhado do mesmo, o delfim Carlos, que mais tarde seria rei de França como Carlos IV. Mesmo sendo seu amigo, o rei de França tentou juntar a ordem dos Templários e a dos Hospitalários, pois sentiu que as duas ordens formavam uma grande potência económica. Filipe IV sabia que a Ordem dos Templários possuía várias propriedades e outros tipos de riqueza.
Sem obter o sucesso desejado, que era a de juntar as duas ordens e se transformar em um líder absoluto, o então rei de França armou um plano para acabar com a Ordem dos Templários, tendo chamado um nobre francês de nome Esquin de Floyran. O tal nobre teria como missão denegrir a imagem dos templários e de seu Grão-Mestre Jacques de Molay, e como recompensa receberia terras pertencentes aos templários logo após derrubá-los.
O ano de 1307 viu o começo da perseguição aos cavaleiros. Apesar de possuir um exército com cerca de 15 mil homens, Jacques de Molay havia ido a França para o funeral de um membro feminino da Casa Real Francesa e havia levado consigo poucos cavaleiros. Na madrugada de 13 de outubro, ele e seus homens foram capturados e lançados nas masmorras por um homem de confiança do rei Filipe IV, Guilherme de Nogaret.
Durante sete anos, Jacques de Molay e os cavaleiros aprisionados sofreram torturas e viveram em condições sub-humanas. Enquanto isso, Filipe IV geria as forças do papa Clemente V para condenar os templários. Suas riquezas e propriedades foram confiscadas e dadas ao Rei Filipe IV.
Após três julgamentos, Jacques de Molay continuou sendo leal para com seus amigos e cavaleiros. Ele se recusou a revelar o local das riquezas da Ordem, e recusou-se a denunciar seus companheiros. Em 18 de março de 1314, foi levado a um Tribunal Especial. Como evidências, o Tribunal dependia de confissões forjadas, supostamente assinadas por de Molay. Desmentiu, então, as mesmas confissões. Sob as leis da época, a pena por desmentir uma confissão era a morte. Foi julgado pelo Papa Clemente V, e assim como Jacques de Molay, outro cavaleiro, Guy d'Auvergne, desmentiu sua confissão e ambos foram condenados. O rei Filipe IV, o Belo, ordenou que ambos fossem queimados naquele mesmo dia, e deste modo a história de Jacques de Molay se tornou um testemunho de lealdade e companheirismo. De Molay veio a falecer aos seus 70 anos de idade no dia 18 de março de 1314.
Durante sua morte na fogueira intimou aos seus três algozes, a comparecer diante do tribunal de Deus, amaldiçoando os descendentes do então rei de França, Filipe IV, o belo. O primeiro a morrer foi o Papa Clemente V, logo em seguida o Chefe da Guarda e Conselheiro Real Guilherme de Nogaret e no dia 27 de novembro de 1314 morreu o rei Filipe IV da França, com seus 46 anos de idade.