Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta Osama bin Laden. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta Osama bin Laden. Mostrar todas as mensagens

domingo, março 10, 2024

Osama bin Laden nasceu há 67 anos

  
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, mais conhecido como Osama bin Laden ou simplesmente bin Laden (Riade, 10 de março de 1957 - Abbottabad, 2 de maio de 2011) foi um dos membros sauditas da próspera família bin Laden, além de líder e fundador da al-Qaeda, organização terrorista à qual são atribuídos vários atentados contra alvos civis e militares dos Estados Unidos e seus aliados, dentre os quais os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.

Filho de Muhammed bin Laden, pobre imigrante iemenita que se tornou o homem mais rico e poderoso da Arábia Saudita, depois do próprio rei, Osama bin Laden era o único filho da sua décima esposa, Hamida al-Attas; os seus pais divorciaram-se logo depois que ele nasceu (a mãe de Osama casou depois com Muhammad al-Attas e o novo casal teve quatro filhos). Osama bin Laden também era referido pelos seguintes nomes: Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, The Prince ("O Príncipe"), The Emir ("O Emir"), Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj The Director ("O Diretor").

Desde 2001, bin Laden e a sua organização tinham sido os maiores alvos da Guerra ao Terrorismo dos oficiais americanos e esteve entre os dez foragidos mais procurados pelo FBI, encabeçando a lista. Acreditou-se que Bin Laden e os seus companheiros da al-Qaeda estavam escondidos em áreas tribais do Paquistão. A 1 de maio de 2011, dez anos após os atentados do 11 de setembro, o Presidente Barack Obama anunciou, pela televisão, que Osama bin Laden havia sido morto durante uma operação militar norte-americana em Abbottabad. O seu corpo teria ficado sob a custódia dos Estados Unidos e, após passar por rituais tradicionais islâmicos, teria sido sepultado no mar.

segunda-feira, setembro 11, 2023

Hoje é dia de recordar um ataque terrorista que ocorreu há vinte e dois anos...

De cima para baixo: o World Trade Center ardendo após o ataque; uma secção do Pentágono desabada; voo 175 chocando contra a Torre 2 do WTC; um bombeiro pedindo ajuda no Ground Zero; parte do voo 93 sendo recuperada; voo 77 chocando contra o Pentágono
 
Local Nova Iorque, NY
Condado de Arlington, VA
Shanksville, PA
Estados Unidos
Data 11 de setembro de 2001 - 08.46 - 10.28 (UTC-5)
Mortes 2.996 mortos (incluindo 19 terroristas)
Feridos >6.291
Responsável Al-Qaeda, planeado por Osama bin Laden
Número de participante(s) 19 terroristas

Os ataques ou atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001 (às vezes, referido apenas como 11 de setembro) foram uma série de ataques suicidas contra os Estados Unidos coordenados pela organização fundamentalista islâmica al-Qaeda em 11 de setembro de 2001. Na manhã daquele dia, dezanove terroristas sequestraram quatro aviões comerciais de passageiros. Os sequestradores colidiram intencionalmente dois dos aviões contra as Torres Gémeas do complexo empresarial do World Trade Center, na cidade de Nova Iorque, matando todos a bordo e muitas das pessoas que trabalhavam nos edifícios. Ambos os prédios desmoronaram duas horas após os impactos, destruindo edifícios vizinhos e causando vários outros danos. O terceiro avião de passageiros colidiu contra o Pentágono, a sede do Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos, no Condado de Arlington, Virgínia, nos arredores de Washington, D.C. O quarto avião caiu em um campo aberto próximo de Shanksville, na Pensilvânia, depois de alguns de seus passageiros e tripulantes terem tentado retomar o controle da aeronave dos sequestradores, que a tinham reencaminhado na direção da capital norte-americana. Não houve sobreviventes em qualquer um dos voos.
Quase três mil pessoas morreram durante os ataques, incluindo os 227 civis e os 19 sequestradores a bordo dos aviões. A esmagadora maioria das vítimas eram civis, incluindo cidadãos de mais de 70 países. Além disso, há pelo menos um óbito secundário - uma pessoa foi descartada da contagem por um médico legista, pois teria morrido por doença pulmonar devido à exposição à poeira do colapso do World Trade Center.
   

segunda-feira, agosto 07, 2023

Um duplo atentado matou, há vinte e cinco anos, 223 pessoas em África...

Aftermath at the US embassy in Nairobi

The 1998 United States embassy bombings were a series of attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the East African capitals of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. The date of the bombings marked the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American forces in Saudi Arabia.
The attacks were linked to local members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, brought Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to the attention of the American public for the first time, and resulted in the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. The FBI also connected the attack to Azerbaijan, as 60 calls via satellite phone were placed by Bin Laden to associates in Baku regarding the strike. Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was credited for being the mastermind behind the bombings.
 
A Nissan Atlas truck, similar to that used in Dar es-Salaam
   
The bombings are widely believed to have been revenge for American involvement in the extradition, and alleged torture, of four members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) who had been arrested in Albania in the two months prior to the attacks. Between June and July, Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman Saleh, Ahmad Ibrahim al-Sayyid al-Naggar, Shawqi Salama Mustafa Atiya and Mohamed Hassan Tita were all renditioned from Albania to Egypt, with the cooperation of the United States; the four men were accused of participating in the assassination of Rifaat el-Mahgoub, as well as a later plot against the Khan el-Khalili market in Cairo. The following month, a communique was issued warning the United States that a "response" was being prepared to repay them for their interference.
According to journalist Lawrence Wright, the Nairobi operation was named after the Holy Kaaba in Mecca; the Dar es Salaam bombing was called Operation al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, but "neither had an obvious connection to the American embassies in Africa. Bin Laden initially said that the sites had been targeted because of the 'invasion' of Somalia; then he described an American plan to partition Sudan, which he said was hatched in the embassy in Nairobi. He also told his followers that the genocide in Rwanda had been planned inside the two American embassies."
Wright concludes that bin Laden's actual goal was "to lure the United States into Afghanistan, which had long been called 'The Graveyard of Empires.'" According to a 1998 memo authored by Mohammed Atef and seized by the FBI, around the time of the attacks, al-Qaeda had both an interest in and specific knowledge of negotiations between the Taliban and the American-led gas pipeline consortium CentGas.
In May 1998, a villa in Nairobi was purchased by one of the bombers for the purpose of accommodating bomb building in the garage. Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan purchased a beige Toyota Dyna truck in Nairobi and a 1987 Nissan Atlas refrigeration truck in Dar es Salaam. Six metal bars were used to form a "cage" on the back of the Atlas to accommodate the bomb.
In June 1998, KK Mohamed rented House 213 in the Illala district of Dar es Salaam, about four miles (6 km) from the U.S. Embassy. A white Suzuki Samurai was used to haul bomb components hidden in rice sacks, from House 213.
In both Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, Mohammed Odeh supervised construction of two massive, 900kg destructive devices. The Nairobi bomb was made of 400 to 500 cylinders of TNT (about the size of soda cans), aluminum nitrate, aluminum powder and detonating cord. The explosives were packed into some twenty specially designed wooden crates that were sealed and then placed in the bed of the trucks. Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah ran a wire from the bomb to a set of batteries in the back of the truck cab and then to a detonator switch beneath the dashboard. The Dar es Salaam bomb used a slightly different construction: the TNT was attached to fifteen oxygen tanks and gas canisters, and was surrounded with four bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and some sand bags to tamp and direct the blast.
The bombings were scheduled for August 7, the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American troops in Saudi Arabia, likely a choice by Osama bin Laden.
   
Attacks and casualties
On August 7, between 10:30 am and 10:40 am local time (3:30–3:40 am Washington time), suicide bombers in trucks laden with explosives parked outside the embassies in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, and almost simultaneously detonated. In Nairobi, approximately 212 people were killed, and an estimated 4,000 wounded; in Dar es Salaam, the attack killed at least 11 and wounded 85. Seismological readings analyzed after the bombs indicated energy of between 3–17 tons of high explosive material. Although the attacks were directed at American facilities, the vast majority of casualties were local citizens; 12 Americans were killed, including two Central Intelligence Agency employees in the Nairobi embassy, Tom Shah and Molly Huckaby Hardy, and one Marine, Sergeant Jesse Aliganga, a Marine Security Guard at the Nairobi embassy.
While driver Azzam drove the Toyota Dyna quickly toward the Nairobi embassy along with Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali, local security guard Benson Okuku Bwaku was warned to open the gate immediately – and fired upon when he refused to comply. Al-Owhali threw a stun grenade at embassy guards before exiting the vehicle and running off. Osama bin Laden later offered the explanation that it had been Al-Owhali's intention to leap out and shoot the guards to clear a path for the truck, but that he had left his pistol in the truck and subsequently ran off. As Bwaku radioed to Marine Post One for backup, the truck detonated.
The explosion damaged the embassy building and flattened the neighbouring Ufundi Building where most victims were killed, mainly students and staff of a secretarial college housed here. The heat from the blast was channelled between the buildings towards Haile Selassie Avenue where a packed commuter bus was burned. Windows were shattered in a radius of nearly one kilometer. A large number of eye injuries occurred because people in buildings nearby who had heard the first explosion of the hand grenade and the shooting went to their office windows to have a look when the main blast occurred and shattered the windows.
Meanwhile, the Atlas truck in Dar es Salaam was being driven by Hamden Khalif Allah Awad, known as "Ahmed the German" due to his blonde hair, a former camp trainer who had arrived in the country only a few days earlier. The death toll was less than in Nairobi as the U.S. embassy was located outside the city center on Bagamoyo Road on a large plot with no immediate neighbours close to the gate where the explosion occurred.
Following the attacks, a group calling itself the "Liberation Army for Holy Sites" took credit for the bombings. American investigators believe the term was a cover used by Egyptian Islamic Jihad, who had actually perpetrated the bombing.
   
Aftermath and international respons
In response to the bombings, President Bill Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach, a series of cruise missile strikes on targets in Sudan and Afghanistan on August 20, 1998, announcing the planned strike in a prime time address on American television.
In Sudan, the missiles destroyed the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory, where 50% of Sudan's medications for both people and animals were manufactured. The Clinton administration claimed that there was ample evidence to prove that the plant produced chemical weapons, but a thorough investigation after the missile strikes revealed that the intelligence was false.
The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1189 condemning the attacks on the embassies.
Both embassies were heavily damaged and the Nairobi embassy had to be rebuilt. It is now located across the road from the office of the World Food Programme for security purposes. A few months after the attacks and subsequent American missile strikes in Afghanistan, the American energy company Unocal withdrew its plans for a gas pipeline through Afghanistan.
Within months following the bombings, the United States Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security added Kenya to its Antiterrorism Assistance Program (ATA), which was originally created in 1983. While the addition was largely a formality to reaffirm America's commitment to fighting terrorism in Kenya, it nonetheless sparked the beginning of an active bilateral antiterrorism campaign between the United States and Kenya. The U.S. Government also rapidly and permanently increased the monetary aid to Kenya. Immediate changes included a $42 million grant targeted specifically towards Kenyan victims.
  

segunda-feira, maio 01, 2023

O terrorista Osama bin Laden foi apanhado e assassinado há doze anos

    
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, mais conhecido como Osama bin Laden ou simplesmente bin Laden (Riade, 10 de março de 1957 - Abbottabad, 1 de maio de 2011) foi um dos membros sauditas da próspera família bin Laden, além de líder e fundador da al-Qaeda, organização terrorista à qual são atribuídos vários atentados contra alvos civis e militares dos Estados Unidos e seus aliados, dentre os quais os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.
Filho de Muhammed bin Laden, imigrante iemenita pobre que se tornou o homem mais rico e poderoso da Arábia Saudita, depois do próprio Rei, Osama bin Laden era o único filho da sua décima esposa, Hamida al-Attas; os seus pais divorciaram-se logo depois que ele nasceu (a mãe de Osama casou depois com Muhammad al-Attas e o novo casal teve quatro filhos). Osama bin Laden também era referido pelos seguintes nomes: Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, The Prince ("O Príncipe"), The Emir ("O Emir"), Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj, The Director ("O Diretor").
Desde 2001, bin Laden e a sua organização tinham sido os maiores alvos da Guerra ao Terrorismo dos oficiais dos Estados Unidos e esteve entre os dez foragidos mais procurados pelo FBI, encabeçando a lista. Acreditou-se que Bin Laden e os seus companheiros da al-Qaeda estavam escondidos próximos da fronteira do Afeganistão e das áreas tribais do Paquistão. Em 1 de maio de 2011, dez anos depois dos atentados do 11 de setembro, o Presidente Barack Obama anunciou pela televisão que Osama bin Laden havia sido morto durante uma operação militar americana em Abbottabad. O seu corpo teria ficado sob a custódia dos Estados Unidos e, após passar por rituais tradicionais islâmicos, teria sido sepultado no mar. No entanto, em março de 2012, o WikiLeaks revelou e-mails da Stratfor Global Intelligence (empresa privada de segurança conhecida como "CIA na sombra"), segundo os quais o sepultamento de Bin Laden em alto-mar nunca aconteceu. Segundo divulgou o jornal espanhol Público, o corpo do ex-líder da Al Qaeda teria sido levado para os Estados Unidos, num avião da CIA.   
     

sexta-feira, março 10, 2023

Osama bin Laden nasceu há 66 anos

  
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, mais conhecido como Osama bin Laden ou simplesmente bin Laden (Riade, 10 de março de 1957 - Abbottabad, 2 de maio de 2011) foi um dos membros sauditas da próspera família bin Laden, além de líder e fundador da al-Qaeda, organização terrorista à qual são atribuídos vários atentados contra alvos civis e militares dos Estados Unidos e seus aliados, dentre os quais os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.

Filho de Muhammed bin Laden, pobre imigrante iemenita que se tornou o homem mais rico e poderoso da Arábia Saudita, depois do próprio rei, Osama bin Laden era o filho único da sua décima esposa, Hamida al-Attas; os seus pais divorciaram-se logo depois que ele nasceu (a mãe de Osama casou depois com Muhammad al-Attas e o novo casal teve quatro filhos). Osama bin Laden também era referido pelos seguintes nomes: Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, The Prince ("O Príncipe"), The Emir ("O Emir"), Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj The Director ("O Diretor").

Desde 2001, bin Laden e a sua organização tinham sido os maiores alvos da Guerra ao Terrorismo dos oficiais americanos e esteve entre os dez foragidos mais procurados pelo FBI, encabeçando a lista. Acreditou-se que Bin Laden e os seus companheiros da al-Qaeda estavam escondidos em áreas tribais do Paquistão. A 1 de maio de 2011, dez anos após os atentados do 11 de setembro, o Presidente Barack Obama anunciou pela televisão que Osama bin Laden havia sido morto durante uma operação militar norte-americana em Abbottabad. O seu corpo teria ficado sob a custódia dos Estados Unidos e, após passar por rituais tradicionais islâmicos, teria sido sepultado no mar.

domingo, setembro 11, 2022

Hoje é dia de recordar um ataque terrorista que ocorreu há vinte e um anos...

Ataques de 11 de Setembro de 2001
De cima para baixo: o World Trade Center ardendo após o ataque; uma secção do Pentágono desabada; voo 175 chocando contra a Torre 2 do WTC; um bombeiro pedindo ajuda no Ground Zero; parte do voo 93 sendo recuperada; voo 77 chocando contra o Pentágono
 
Local Nova Iorque, NY
Condado de Arlington, VA
Shanksville, PA
Estados Unidos
Data 11 de setembro de 2001 - 08.46 - 10.28 (UTC-5)
Mortes 2.996 mortos (incluindo 19 terroristas)
Feridos >6.291
Responsável Al-Qaeda, planeado por Osama bin Laden
Número de participante(s) 19 terroristas

 

Os ataques ou atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001 (às vezes, referido apenas como 11 de setembro) foram uma série de ataques suicidas contra os Estados Unidos coordenados pela organização fundamentalista islâmica al-Qaeda em 11 de setembro de 2001. Na manhã daquele dia, dezanove terroristas sequestraram quatro aviões comerciais de passageiros. Os sequestradores colidiram intencionalmente dois dos aviões contra as Torres Gémeas do complexo empresarial do World Trade Center, na cidade de Nova Iorque, matando todos a bordo e muitas das pessoas que trabalhavam nos edifícios. Ambos os prédios desmoronaram duas horas após os impactos, destruindo edifícios vizinhos e causando vários outros danos. O terceiro avião de passageiros colidiu contra o Pentágono, a sede do Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos, no Condado de Arlington, Virgínia, nos arredores de Washington, D.C. O quarto avião caiu em um campo aberto próximo de Shanksville, na Pensilvânia, depois de alguns de seus passageiros e tripulantes terem tentado retomar o controle da aeronave dos sequestradores, que a tinham reencaminhado na direção da capital norte-americana. Não houve sobreviventes em qualquer um dos voos.
Quase três mil pessoas morreram durante os ataques, incluindo os 227 civis e os 19 sequestradores a bordo dos aviões. A esmagadora maioria das vítimas eram civis, incluindo cidadãos de mais de 70 países. Além disso, há pelo menos um óbito secundário - uma pessoa foi descartada da contagem por um médico legista, pois teria morrido por doença pulmonar devido à exposição à poeira do colapso do World Trade Center.
   

domingo, agosto 07, 2022

Há vinte quatro anos um duplo atentado matou 223 pessoas em África...

Aftermath at the US embassy in Nairobi

The 1998 United States embassy bombings were a series of attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the East African capitals of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. The date of the bombings marked the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American forces in Saudi Arabia.
The attacks were linked to local members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, brought Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to the attention of the American public for the first time, and resulted in the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. The FBI also connected the attack to Azerbaijan, as 60 calls via satellite phone were placed by Bin Laden to associates in Baku regarding the strike. Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was credited for being the mastermind behind the bombings.
 
A Nissan Atlas truck, similar to that used in Dar es-Salaam
   
The bombings are widely believed to have been revenge for American involvement in the extradition, and alleged torture, of four members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) who had been arrested in Albania in the two months prior to the attacks. Between June and July, Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman Saleh, Ahmad Ibrahim al-Sayyid al-Naggar, Shawqi Salama Mustafa Atiya and Mohamed Hassan Tita were all renditioned from Albania to Egypt, with the cooperation of the United States; the four men were accused of participating in the assassination of Rifaat el-Mahgoub, as well as a later plot against the Khan el-Khalili market in Cairo. The following month, a communique was issued warning the United States that a "response" was being prepared to repay them for their interference.
According to journalist Lawrence Wright, the Nairobi operation was named after the Holy Kaaba in Mecca; the Dar es Salaam bombing was called Operation al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, but "neither had an obvious connection to the American embassies in Africa. Bin Laden initially said that the sites had been targeted because of the 'invasion' of Somalia; then he described an American plan to partition Sudan, which he said was hatched in the embassy in Nairobi. He also told his followers that the genocide in Rwanda had been planned inside the two American embassies."
Wright concludes that bin Laden's actual goal was "to lure the United States into Afghanistan, which had long been called 'The Graveyard of Empires.'" According to a 1998 memo authored by Mohammed Atef and seized by the FBI, around the time of the attacks, al-Qaeda had both an interest in and specific knowledge of negotiations between the Taliban and the American-led gas pipeline consortium CentGas.
In May 1998, a villa in Nairobi was purchased by one of the bombers for the purpose of accommodating bomb building in the garage. Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan purchased a beige Toyota Dyna truck in Nairobi and a 1987 Nissan Atlas refrigeration truck in Dar es Salaam. Six metal bars were used to form a "cage" on the back of the Atlas to accommodate the bomb.
In June 1998, KK Mohamed rented House 213 in the Illala district of Dar es Salaam, about four miles (6 km) from the U.S. Embassy. A white Suzuki Samurai was used to haul bomb components hidden in rice sacks, from House 213.
In both Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, Mohammed Odeh supervised construction of two massive, 900kg destructive devices. The Nairobi bomb was made of 400 to 500 cylinders of TNT (about the size of soda cans), aluminum nitrate, aluminum powder and detonating cord. The explosives were packed into some twenty specially designed wooden crates that were sealed and then placed in the bed of the trucks. Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah ran a wire from the bomb to a set of batteries in the back of the truck cab and then to a detonator switch beneath the dashboard. The Dar es Salaam bomb used a slightly different construction: the TNT was attached to fifteen oxygen tanks and gas canisters, and was surrounded with four bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and some sand bags to tamp and direct the blast.
The bombings were scheduled for August 7, the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American troops in Saudi Arabia, likely a choice by Osama bin Laden.
   
Attacks and casualties
On August 7, between 10:30 am and 10:40 am local time (3:30–3:40 am Washington time), suicide bombers in trucks laden with explosives parked outside the embassies in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, and almost simultaneously detonated. In Nairobi, approximately 212 people were killed, and an estimated 4,000 wounded; in Dar es Salaam, the attack killed at least 11 and wounded 85. Seismological readings analyzed after the bombs indicated energy of between 3–17 tons of high explosive material. Although the attacks were directed at American facilities, the vast majority of casualties were local citizens; 12 Americans were killed, including two Central Intelligence Agency employees in the Nairobi embassy, Tom Shah and Molly Huckaby Hardy, and one Marine, Sergeant Jesse Aliganga, a Marine Security Guard at the Nairobi embassy.
While driver Azzam drove the Toyota Dyna quickly toward the Nairobi embassy along with Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali, local security guard Benson Okuku Bwaku was warned to open the gate immediately – and fired upon when he refused to comply. Al-Owhali threw a stun grenade at embassy guards before exiting the vehicle and running off. Osama bin Laden later offered the explanation that it had been Al-Owhali's intention to leap out and shoot the guards to clear a path for the truck, but that he had left his pistol in the truck and subsequently ran off. As Bwaku radioed to Marine Post One for backup, the truck detonated.
The explosion damaged the embassy building and flattened the neighbouring Ufundi Building where most victims were killed, mainly students and staff of a secretarial college housed here. The heat from the blast was channelled between the buildings towards Haile Selassie Avenue where a packed commuter bus was burned. Windows were shattered in a radius of nearly one kilometer. A large number of eye injuries occurred because people in buildings nearby who had heard the first explosion of the hand grenade and the shooting went to their office windows to have a look when the main blast occurred and shattered the windows.
Meanwhile, the Atlas truck in Dar es Salaam was being driven by Hamden Khalif Allah Awad, known as "Ahmed the German" due to his blonde hair, a former camp trainer who had arrived in the country only a few days earlier. The death toll was less than in Nairobi as the U.S. embassy was located outside the city center on Bagamoyo Road on a large plot with no immediate neighbours close to the gate where the explosion occurred.
Following the attacks, a group calling itself the "Liberation Army for Holy Sites" took credit for the bombings. American investigators believe the term was a cover used by Egyptian Islamic Jihad, who had actually perpetrated the bombing.
   
Aftermath and international respons
In response to the bombings, President Bill Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach, a series of cruise missile strikes on targets in Sudan and Afghanistan on August 20, 1998, announcing the planned strike in a prime time address on American television.
In Sudan, the missiles destroyed the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory, where 50% of Sudan's medications for both people and animals were manufactured. The Clinton administration claimed that there was ample evidence to prove that the plant produced chemical weapons, but a thorough investigation after the missile strikes revealed that the intelligence was false.
The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1189 condemning the attacks on the embassies.
Both embassies were heavily damaged and the Nairobi embassy had to be rebuilt. It is now located across the road from the office of the World Food Programme for security purposes. A few months after the attacks and subsequent American missile strikes in Afghanistan, the American energy company Unocal withdrew its plans for a gas pipeline through Afghanistan.
Within months following the bombings, the United States Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security added Kenya to its Antiterrorism Assistance Program (ATA), which was originally created in 1983. While the addition was largely a formality to reaffirm America's commitment to fighting terrorism in Kenya, it nonetheless sparked the beginning of an active bilateral antiterrorism campaign between the United States and Kenya. The U.S. Government also rapidly and permanently increased the monetary aid to Kenya. Immediate changes included a $42 million grant targeted specifically towards Kenyan victims.
  

domingo, maio 01, 2022

O terrorista Osama bin Laden foi apanhado e morto há onze anos

    
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, mais conhecido como Osama bin Laden ou simplesmente bin Laden (Riade, 10 de março de 1957 - Abbottabad, 1 de maio de 2011) foi um dos membros sauditas da próspera família bin Laden, além de líder e fundador da al-Qaeda, organização terrorista à qual são atribuídos vários atentados contra alvos civis e militares dos Estados Unidos e seus aliados, dentre os quais os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.
Filho de Muhammed bin Laden, imigrante iemenita pobre que se tornou o homem mais rico e poderoso da Arábia Saudita, depois do próprio Rei, Osama bin Laden era o filho único da sua décima esposa, Hamida al-Attas; os seus pais divorciaram-se logo depois que ele nasceu (a mãe de Osama se casou com Muhammad al-Attas e o novo casal teve quatro filhos). Osama bin Laden também era referido pelos seguintes nomes: Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, The Prince ("O Príncipe"), The Emir ("O Emir"), Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj, The Director ("O Diretor").
Desde 2001, bin Laden e sua organização tinham sido os maiores alvos da Guerra ao Terrorismo dos oficiais dos Estados Unidos e esteve entre os dez foragidos mais procurados pelo FBI, encabeçando a lista. Acreditou-se que Bin Laden e os seus companheiros da al-Qaeda estavam escondidos próximos da fronteira do Afeganistão e das áreas tribais do Paquistão. Em 1 de maio de 2011, dez anos depois dos atentados do 11 de setembro, o Presidente Barack Obama anunciou pela televisão que Osama bin Laden havia sido morto durante uma operação militar americana em Abbottabad. O seu corpo teria ficado sob a custódia dos Estados Unidos e, após passar por rituais tradicionais islâmicos, teria sido sepultado no mar. No entanto, em março de 2012, o WikiLeaks revelou e-mails da Stratfor Global Intelligence (empresa privada de segurança conhecida como "CIA na sombra"), segundo os quais o sepultamento de Bin Laden em alto-mar nunca aconteceu. Segundo divulgou o jornal espanhol Público, o corpo do ex-líder da Al Qaeda teria sido levado para os Estados Unidos num avião da CIA.   
     

quinta-feira, março 10, 2022

Osama bin Laden nasceu há 65 anos

  
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, mais conhecido como Osama bin Laden ou simplesmente bin Laden (Riade, 10 de março de 1957 - Abbottabad, 2 de maio de 2011) foi um dos membros sauditas da próspera família bin Laden, além de líder e fundador da al-Qaeda, organização terrorista à qual são atribuídos vários atentados contra alvos civis e militares dos Estados Unidos e seus aliados, dentre os quais os ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001.

Filho de Muhammed bin Laden, pobre imigrante iemenita que se tornou o homem mais rico e poderoso da Arábia Saudita, depois do próprio rei, Osama bin Laden era o filho único da sua décima esposa, Hamida al-Attas; os seus pais divorciaram-se logo depois que ele nasceu (a mãe de Osama casou depois com Muhammad al-Attas e o novo casal teve quatro filhos). Osama bin Laden também era referido pelos seguintes nomes: Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, The Prince ("O Príncipe"), The Emir ("O Emir"), Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj The Director ("O Diretor").

Desde 2001, bin Laden e a sua organização tinham sido os maiores alvos da Guerra ao Terrorismo dos oficiais americanos e esteve entre os dez foragidos mais procurados pelo FBI, encabeçando a lista. Acreditou-se que Bin Laden e os seus companheiros da al-Qaeda estavam escondidos em áreas tribais do Paquistão. A 1 de maio de 2011, dez anos após os atentados do 11 de setembro, o Presidente Barack Obama anunciou pela televisão que Osama bin Laden havia sido morto durante uma operação militar norte-americana em Abbottabad. O seu corpo teria ficado sob a custódia dos Estados Unidos e, após passar por rituais tradicionais islâmicos, teria sido sepultado no mar.

sábado, agosto 07, 2021

Um duplo atentado matou 223 pessoas em África há 23 anos

Aftermath at the US embassy in Nairobi

The 1998 United States embassy bombings were a series of attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the East African capitals of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. The date of the bombings marked the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American forces in Saudi Arabia.
The attacks were linked to local members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, brought Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri to the attention of the American public for the first time, and resulted in the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation placing bin Laden on its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. The FBI also connected the attack to Azerbaijan, as 60 calls via satellite phone were placed by Bin Laden to associates in Baku regarding the strike. Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was credited for being the mastermind behind the bombings.
 
A Nissan Atlas truck, similar to that used in Dar es-Salaam
   
The bombings are widely believed to have been revenge for American involvement in the extradition, and alleged torture, of four members of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) who had been arrested in Albania in the two months prior to the attacks. Between June and July, Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman Saleh, Ahmad Ibrahim al-Sayyid al-Naggar, Shawqi Salama Mustafa Atiya and Mohamed Hassan Tita were all renditioned from Albania to Egypt, with the cooperation of the United States; the four men were accused of participating in the assassination of Rifaat el-Mahgoub, as well as a later plot against the Khan el-Khalili market in Cairo. The following month, a communique was issued warning the United States that a "response" was being prepared to repay them for their interference.
According to journalist Lawrence Wright, the Nairobi operation was named after the Holy Kaaba in Mecca; the Dar es Salaam bombing was called Operation al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, but "neither had an obvious connection to the American embassies in Africa. Bin Laden initially said that the sites had been targeted because of the 'invasion' of Somalia; then he described an American plan to partition Sudan, which he said was hatched in the embassy in Nairobi. He also told his followers that the genocide in Rwanda had been planned inside the two American embassies."
Wright concludes that bin Laden's actual goal was "to lure the United States into Afghanistan, which had long been called 'The Graveyard of Empires.'" According to a 1998 memo authored by Mohammed Atef and seized by the FBI, around the time of the attacks, al-Qaeda had both an interest in and specific knowledge of negotiations between the Taliban and the American-led gas pipeline consortium CentGas.
In May 1998, a villa in Nairobi was purchased by one of the bombers for the purpose of accommodating bomb building in the garage. Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan purchased a beige Toyota Dyna truck in Nairobi and a 1987 Nissan Atlas refrigeration truck in Dar es Salaam. Six metal bars were used to form a "cage" on the back of the Atlas to accommodate the bomb.
In June 1998, KK Mohamed rented House 213 in the Illala district of Dar es Salaam, about four miles (6 km) from the U.S. Embassy. A white Suzuki Samurai was used to haul bomb components hidden in rice sacks, from House 213.
In both Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, Mohammed Odeh supervised construction of two massive, 900kg destructive devices. The Nairobi bomb was made of 400 to 500 cylinders of TNT (about the size of soda cans), aluminum nitrate, aluminum powder and detonating cord. The explosives were packed into some twenty specially designed wooden crates that were sealed and then placed in the bed of the trucks. Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah ran a wire from the bomb to a set of batteries in the back of the truck cab and then to a detonator switch beneath the dashboard. The Dar es Salaam bomb used a slightly different construction: the TNT was attached to fifteen oxygen tanks and gas canisters, and was surrounded with four bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and some sand bags to tamp and direct the blast.
The bombings were scheduled for August 7, the eighth anniversary of the arrival of American troops in Saudi Arabia, likely a choice by Osama bin Laden.
   
Attacks and casualties
On August 7, between 10:30 am and 10:40 am local time (3:30–3:40 am Washington time), suicide bombers in trucks laden with explosives parked outside the embassies in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi, and almost simultaneously detonated. In Nairobi, approximately 212 people were killed, and an estimated 4,000 wounded; in Dar es Salaam, the attack killed at least 11 and wounded 85. Seismological readings analyzed after the bombs indicated energy of between 3–17 tons of high explosive material. Although the attacks were directed at American facilities, the vast majority of casualties were local citizens; 12 Americans were killed, including two Central Intelligence Agency employees in the Nairobi embassy, Tom Shah and Molly Huckaby Hardy, and one Marine, Sergeant Jesse Aliganga, a Marine Security Guard at the Nairobi embassy.
While driver Azzam drove the Toyota Dyna quickly toward the Nairobi embassy along with Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali, local security guard Benson Okuku Bwaku was warned to open the gate immediately – and fired upon when he refused to comply. Al-Owhali threw a stun grenade at embassy guards before exiting the vehicle and running off. Osama bin Laden later offered the explanation that it had been Al-Owhali's intention to leap out and shoot the guards to clear a path for the truck, but that he had left his pistol in the truck and subsequently ran off. As Bwaku radioed to Marine Post One for backup, the truck detonated.
The explosion damaged the embassy building and flattened the neighbouring Ufundi Building where most victims were killed, mainly students and staff of a secretarial college housed here. The heat from the blast was channelled between the buildings towards Haile Selassie Avenue where a packed commuter bus was burned. Windows were shattered in a radius of nearly one kilometer. A large number of eye injuries occurred because people in buildings nearby who had heard the first explosion of the hand grenade and the shooting went to their office windows to have a look when the main blast occurred and shattered the windows.
Meanwhile, the Atlas truck in Dar es Salaam was being driven by Hamden Khalif Allah Awad, known as "Ahmed the German" due to his blonde hair, a former camp trainer who had arrived in the country only a few days earlier. The death toll was less than in Nairobi as the U.S. embassy was located outside the city center on Bagamoyo Road on a large plot with no immediate neighbours close to the gate where the explosion occurred.
Following the attacks, a group calling itself the "Liberation Army for Holy Sites" took credit for the bombings. American investigators believe the term was a cover used by Egyptian Islamic Jihad, who had actually perpetrated the bombing.
   
Aftermath and international respons
In response to the bombings, President Bill Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach, a series of cruise missile strikes on targets in Sudan and Afghanistan on August 20, 1998, announcing the planned strike in a prime time address on American television.
In Sudan, the missiles destroyed the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory, where 50% of Sudan's medications for both people and animals were manufactured. The Clinton administration claimed that there was ample evidence to prove that the plant produced chemical weapons, but a thorough investigation after the missile strikes revealed that the intelligence was false.[24]
The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1189 condemning the attacks on the embassies.
Both embassies were heavily damaged and the Nairobi embassy had to be rebuilt. It is now located across the road from the office of the World Food Programme for security purposes. A few months after the attacks and subsequent American missile strikes in Afghanistan, the American energy company Unocal withdrew its plans for a gas pipeline through Afghanistan.
Within months following the bombings, the United States Department of State Bureau of Diplomatic Security added Kenya to its Antiterrorism Assistance Program (ATA), which was originally created in 1983. While the addition was largely a formality to reaffirm America's commitment to fighting terrorism in Kenya, it nonetheless sparked the beginning of an active bilateral antiterrorism campaign between the United States and Kenya. The U.S. Government also rapidly and permanently increased the monetary aid to Kenya. Immediate changes included a $42 million grant targeted specifically towards Kenyan victims.