Jerusalém caiu há 836 anos...

Balião entrega a cidade de Jerusalém a Saladino

     

O Cerco de Jerusalém foi uma decisiva batalha travada pelo controle de Jerusalém, entre 20 de setembro a 2 de outubro de 1187, quando os homens de Balião de Ibelin se renderam e entregaram a cidade a Saladino, um poderoso sultão árabe. Esta derrota para os cristãos assinalou o fim do primeiro Reino de Jerusalém. A Europa respondeu em 1189 lançando mais uma expedição militar, a Terceira Cruzada, liderada por Ricardo I de Inglaterra, Filipe II de França e por Frederico I, Sacro Imperador Romano-Germânico (cada um destes liderando incursões separadas).

    

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Chris de Burgh - Crusader

"What do I do next?" said the Bishop to the Priest,
"I have spent my whole life waiting, preparing for the Feast,
And now you say Jerusalem has fallen and is lost,
The King of Heathen Saracen has seized the Holy Cross;"

Then the Priest said "Oh my Bishop, we must put them to the sword,
For God in all His mercy will find a just reward,
For the Noblemen and sinners, and Knights of ready hand
Who will be the Lord's Crusader, send word through all the land,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,"

"tell me what to do," said the King upon his throne,
"But speak to me in whispers, for we are not alone,
They tell me that Jerusalem has fallen to the hand
Of some bedevilled Eastern heathen who has seized the Holy Land;"

Then the Chamberlain said "Lord, we must call upon our foes
In Spain and France and Germany to end our bitter wars,
All Christian men must be as one and gather for the fight,
You will be their leader, begin the Battle cry,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,

Ooh, high on a hill, in the town of Jerusalem,
There stood Saladin, the King of the Saracens,
Whoring and drinking and snoring and sinking, around him his army lay,
Secure in the knowledge he had won the day;

A messenger came, blood on his feet and a wound in his chest,
"The Christians are coming!" he said, "I have seen their Cross in the West,"
In a rage Saladin struck him down with his knife,
And he said "I know that this man lies,
They quarrel too much, the Christians could never unite!

I am invincible, I am the King,
I am invincible, and I will win..."


Closer they came, the army of Richard Lionheart,
Marching by day and night, with soldiers from every part,
And when the Crusaders came over the mountain and they saw Jerusalem,
They fell to their knees and prayed for her release;

They started the battle at dawn, taking the city by storm,
With horsemen and bowmen and engines of war,
They broke through the city walls,
The Heathens were flying and screaming and dying,
And the Christian swords were strong,
And Saladin ran when he heard their victory song;

"We are invincible, God is the King,
We are invincible, and we will win!"

"What do I do now?" said the Wise man to the Fool,
"I have spent my whole life searching, to find the Golden Rule,
Though centuries have disappeared, the memory still remains;
Of those enemies together, could it be that way again?"

Then the Fool said "Oh you Wise men, you really make me laugh,
With your talk of vast persuasion and searching through the past,
There is only greed and evil in the men who fight today,
The Song of the Crusader has long since gone away,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem."

Jerusalém caiu há 834 anos...

Balião entrega a cidade de Jerusalém a Saladino, c. 1490

  

O Cerco de Jerusalém foi uma decisiva batalha travada pelo controle de Jerusalém, entre 20 de setembro a 2 de outubro de 1187, quando os homens de Balião de Ibelin renderam a cidade a Saladino, um poderoso sultão árabe. Esta derrota para os cristãos assinalou o fim do primeiro Reino de Jerusalém. A Europa respondeu em 1189 lançando mais uma expedição militar, a Terceira Cruzada, liderada por Ricardo I de Inglaterra, Filipe II de França e por Frederico I, Sacro Imperador Romano-Germânico (cada um destes liderando incursões separadas).

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Chris de Burgh - Crusader

"What do I do next?" said the Bishop to the Priest,
"I have spent my whole life waiting, preparing for the Feast,
And now you say Jerusalem has fallen and is lost,
The King of Heathen Saracen has seized the Holy Cross;"

Then the Priest said "Oh my Bishop, we must put them to the sword,
For God in all His mercy will find a just reward,
For the Noblemen and sinners, and Knights of ready hand
Who will be the Lord's Crusader, send word through all the land,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,"

"tell me what to do," said the King upon his throne,
"But speak to me in whispers, for we are not alone,
They tell me that Jerusalem has fallen to the hand
Of some bedevilled Eastern heathen who has seized the Holy Land;"

Then the Chamberlain said "Lord, we must call upon our foes
In Spain and France and Germany to end our bitter wars,
All Christian men must be as one and gather for the fight,
You will be their leader, begin the Battle cry,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,

Ooh, high on a hill, in the town of Jerusalem,
There stood Saladin, the King of the Saracens,
Whoring and drinking and snoring and sinking, around him his army lay,
Secure in the knowledge he had won the day;

A messenger came, blood on his feet and a wound in his chest,
"The Christians are coming!" he said, "I have seen their Cross in the West,"
In a rage Saladin struck him down with his knife,
And he said "I know that this man lies,
They quarrel too much, the Christians could never unite!

I am invincible, I am the King,
I am invincible, and I will win..."


Closer they came, the army of Richard Lionheart,
Marching by day and night, with soldiers from every part,
And when the Crusaders came over the mountain and they saw Jerusalem,
They fell to their knees and prayed for her release;

They started the battle at dawn, taking the city by storm,
With horsemen and bowmen and engines of war,
They broke through the city walls,
The Heathens were flying and screaming and dying,
And the Christian swords were strong,
And Saladin ran when he heard their victory song;

"We are invincible, God is the King,
We are invincible, and we will win!"

"What do I do now?" said the Wise man to the Fool,
"I have spent my whole life searching, to find the Golden Rule,
Though centuries have disappeared, the memory still remains;
Of those enemies together, could it be that way again?"

Then the Fool said "Oh you Wise men, you really make me laugh,
With your talk of vast persuasion and searching through the past,
There is only greed and evil in the men who fight today,
The Song of the Crusader has long since gone away,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem."

Jerusalém caiu há 830 anos...

Balião entrega a cidade de Jerusalém a Saladino, c. 1490

O Cerco de Jerusalém foi uma decisiva batalha travada pelo controle de Jerusalém, entre 20 de setembro a 2 de outubro de 1187, quando os homens de Balião de Ibelin renderam a cidade a Saladino, um poderoso sultão árabe. Esta derrota para os cristãos assinalou o fim do primeiro Reino de Jerusalém. A Europa respondeu em 1189 lançando mais uma expedição militar, a Terceira Cruzada, liderada por Ricardo I de Inglaterra, Filipe II de França e por Frederico I, Sacro Imperador Romano-Germânico (cada um destes liderando incursões separadas).

Contexto
O Reino de Jerusalém, que perdurava há quase um século, sofria com disputas internas. O recém coroado rei, Guy de Lusignan, enviou boa parte dos exércitos da cidade para enfrentar as forças de Saladino, Sultão do Egito e Síria. Os dois confrontaram-se na Batalha de Hattin (4 de julho de 1187), que acabou sendo um fracasso humilhante para os cruzados. O exército de Jerusalém fora praticamente destruído ou dispersado, e boa parte da nobreza local, incluindo o Rei Guy, acabou sendo capturada. Em setembro, os muçulmanos já dominavam boa parte das regiões vizinhas de Jerusalém. As tropas de Saladino já assumiram o controle das fortalezas cruzadas em Acre, Nablus, Jafa, Toron, Sídon, Beirute e Ascalão.
Balião, senhor de Ibelin, foi um dos poucos lordes que sobreviveram ou escaparam a captura em Hattin. Ele, e outros sobreviventes, tomaram refúgio em Tiro. Balião contactou Saladino e pediu salvo-conduto para Jerusalém, com o propósito de  ir buscar a sua esposa, Maria Comnena. O Sultão concordou. Contudo, ao chegar na cidade, Heráclio, Patriarca de Jerusalém e arcebispo de Cesareia, e a Rainha Sibila rogaram que ele permanecesse. Balião concordou e começou a planear a defesa da cidade.
A situação de Jerusalém era precária. A cidade transbordava de refugiados da guerra e havia poucos cavaleiros. Balião então promoveu pelo menos 60 escudeiros e jovens soldados ao título de cavaleiro e começou a guardar comida, armas e dinheiro. Saladino também se preparava para a batalha, trazendo reforços do Egito e da Síria. O seu exército era, naquela altura, superior numericamente as forças dos cruzados.

A batalha
Apesar das negociações, ambos os lados se preparavam para a guerra. Saladino exigia a rendição da cidade, mas Balião queria negociar numa posição mais favorável. Em 20 de setembro a cidade já estava completamente cercada. Por dias, os muçulmanos começaram a bombardear Jerusalém com disparos de catapultas e manganelas. Pedras incendiárias cobertas com fogo grego eram disparadas por pesados trabucos. Por pelo menos seis dias, escaramuças se seguiram com poucos resultados. As forças de Saladino investiram diretamente contra os muros da cidade diversas vezes, mas não conseguiram quebrar suas defesas. Os sarracenos então focaram os seus ataques pelo Monte das Oliveiras, numa área pouco protegida. Em 29 de setembro, os muros daquela região cederam. Balião e os defensores cruzados, exauridos pela batalha, não tinham como defender a cidade por muito mais tempo. Em outubro, as negociações recomeçaram. Saladino permitiu que os habitantes da cidade pudessem deixa-la, mediante o pagamento de uma taxa (ou resgate). Balião argumentou que havia pelo menos 20 mil refugiados que não tinham dinheiro o suficiente para pagar o valor. O sultão então concordou em baixar os valores. Mais tarde, mulheres, crianças, velhos e doentes foram permitidos partir sem pagar nada. Ao menos outros milhares de pessoas também foram permitidas evacuar a cidade.

Em 2 de outubro, Balião entregou a Torre de David, o principal ponto de defesa de Jerusalém. No mesmo dia, as últimas caravanas de refugiados deixaram a cidade e as tropas de Saladino entraram na capital do reino. Balião juntou-se a sua esposa em Trípoli. Heráclio, arcebispo da cidade, teria partido levando consigo todos os tesouros e relíquias das igrejas locais. Como parte do acordo firmado com Balião para a rendição de Jerusalém, Saladino permitiu que peregrinos cristão tivessem salvo-conduto para visitar seus locais sagrados na cidade. Quando os cristão conquistaram Jerusalém pela primeira vez em 1099, eles massacraram todos os considerados "infiéis" (não cristãos), resultando em centenas de mortes de inocentes. Temia-se que o sultão também massacrasse os habitantes que não haviam conseguido fugir, contudo Saladino acabou tratando os povos conquistados com surpreendente generosidade.
Enquanto isso, notícias da desastrosa derrota chegaram à Europa. A conquista completa das terras ao redor de Jerusalém só viria no verão de 1187. Planos começaram então a ser feitos para uma nova incursão militar. Em 29 de outubro, antes mesmo que as noticias da queda de Jerusalém chegassem ao continente, o Papa Gregório VIII emitiu uma bula pontifícia (a Audita tremendi), convocando uma nova cruzada. A expedição partiria apenas em 1189, com três contingentes separados, vindos da Inglaterra, da França e da Alemanha. A nova cruzada, contudo, não conseguiu reaver Jerusalém para os cristãos.

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Chris de Burgh - Crusader

"What do I do next?" said the Bishop to the Priest,
"I have spent my whole life waiting, preparing for the Feast,
And now you say Jerusalem has fallen and is lost,
The King of Heathen Saracen has seized the Holy Cross;"

Then the Priest said "Oh my Bishop, we must put them to the sword,
For God in all His mercy will find a just reward,
For the Noblemen and sinners, and Knights of ready hand
Who will be the Lord's Crusader, send word through all the land,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,"

"tell me what to do," said the King upon his throne,
"But speak to me in whispers, for we are not alone,
They tell me that Jerusalem has fallen to the hand
Of some bedevilled Eastern heathen who has seized the Holy Land;"

Then the Chamberlain said "Lord, we must call upon our foes
In Spain and France and Germany to end our bitter wars,
All Christian men must be as one and gather for the fight,
You will be their leader, begin the Battle cry,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,

Ooh, high on a hill, in the town of Jerusalem,
There stood Saladin, the King of the Saracens,
Whoring and drinking and snoring and sinking, around him his army lay,
Secure in the knowledge he had won the day;

A messenger came, blood on his feet and a wound in his chest,
"The Christians are coming!" he said, "I have seen their Cross in the West,"
In a rage Saladin struck him down with his knife,
And he said "I know that this man lies,
They quarrel too much, the Christians could never unite!

I am invincible, I am the King,
I am invincible, and I will win..."


Closer they came, the army of Richard Lionheart,
Marching by day and night, with soldiers from every part,
And when the Crusaders came over the mountain and they saw Jerusalem,
They fell to their knees and prayed for her release;

They started the battle at dawn, taking the city by storm,
With horsemen and bowmen and engines of war,
They broke through the city walls,
The Heathens were flying and screaming and dying,
And the Christian swords were strong,
And Saladin ran when he heard their victory song;

"We are invincible, God is the King,
We are invincible, and we will win!"

"What do I do now?" said the Wise man to the Fool,
"I have spent my whole life searching, to find the Golden Rule,
Though centuries have disappeared, the memory still remains;
Of those enemies together, could it be that way again?"

Then the Fool said "Oh you Wise men, you really make me laugh,
With your talk of vast persuasion and searching through the past,
There is only greed and evil in the men who fight today,
The Song of the Crusader has long since gone away,

Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem is lost,
Jerusalem."

Chris de Burgh - 66 anos

Chris de Burgh (Venado Tuerto, Santa Fé, 15 de outubro de 1948), nascido Christopher John Davison, é um cantor de música pop irlandês nascido na Argentina. É pai da modelo irlandesa Rosanna Davison, que venceu o concurso de Miss Mundo em 2003.

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Early life

De Burgh was born in Venado Tuerto, Argentina, to Colonel Charles Davison, a British diplomat, and Maeve Emily de Burgh, an Irish secretary. His maternal grandfather was Sir Eric de Burgh, a British Army officer who had been Chief of the General Staff in India during the Second World War. He took his mother's name, "de Burgh", when he began performing. His father had substantial farming interests, and Chris spent much of his early years in Malta, Nigeria and Zaire, as he, his mother and brother accompanied Colonel Davison on his diplomatic and engineering work.

The Davisons finally settled in Bargy Castle, County Wexford, Ireland, which was somewhat dilapidated at the time. It was a twelfth-century castle which Eric de Burgh bought in the 1960s. He converted it into a hotel, and the young Chris sang for the guests there.

After attending Marlborough College in Wiltshire, England, de Burgh went on to graduate from Trinity College, Dublin with a Master of Arts degree in French, English and History.

Musical career

Chris de Burgh signed his first contract with A&M Records in 1974, and supported Supertramp on their Crime of the Century tour, building himself a small fan base. His début album, Far Beyond These Castle Walls, was a folk-tinged stab at fantasy in the tradition of the Moody Blues. It failed to chart upon its release in February 1975. Five months later, he released a single called "Turning Round" from the album, released outside the UK and Ireland as "Flying". It failed to make an impression in the UK, but it stayed on top of the Brazilian charts for 17 weeks. This became a familiar pattern for the singer/songwriter, as every one of his '70s albums failed to chart in the UK or US while they racked up big sales in continental European and South American countries. In 1981, he had his first UK chart entry with Best Moves, a collection culled from his early albums. It set the stage for 1982's Rupert Hine produced The Getaway, which reached number 30 in the UK charts and number 43 in the US, thanks to the eerie single "Don't Pay the Ferryman". Chris de Burgh's follow-up album, Man on the Line, also performed well, charting at 69 in the US and 11 in the UK.

Chris de Burgh had an across-the-board success with the ballad "The Lady in Red" in late 1986; the single became a number one hit in the UK (number three in America) and its accompanying album, Into the Light, reached number two in the UK. (number 25 in the U.S.) That Christmas season, a re-release of de Burgh's 1976 Christmas song "A Spaceman Came Travelling" became a Top 40 hit in the UK. Flying Colours, his follow-up to Into the Light, entered the British charts at number one upon its 1988 release, yet it failed to make the American charts. De Burgh never hit the US charts again and his commercial fortunes began to slide slightly in Britain in the early 1990s, yet he retained a following around the world. This is mainly due to inactivity of his previous recording label A&M Records UK division in the U.S.

In 1997, de Burgh composed a song entitled "There's a New Star Up in Heaven Tonight", dedicated to Diana, Princess of Wales. The song was released as a 100-copy limited edition and included on the compilations The Ultimate Collection (2000) and Now and Then (2009).

In 2007, a concert in Tehran was planned for mid-2008, together with local band Arian, which would have made Chris de Burgh the first western pop singer to perform in Iran since the 1979 revolution. However, the concert never went ahead because he had not been given permission by the Iranian authorities to perform in the country.

Personal life

Chris de Burgh has been married to his wife Diane since 1977 and lives in Enniskerry, County Wicklow in Ireland. They have two sons, Hubie and Michael, and a daughter, Rosanna, a model, who won the Miss World competition in 2003 for Ireland. He is a distant relative of the 13th-century English nobleman Hubert de Burgh, who features prominently in Shakespeare's play The Life and Death of King John. He is an avid Liverpool F.C. supporter, as is Rosanna, and they often attend matches at Anfield.
In 1994, he was found to have had an affair with his children's 19-year-old Irish nanny, Maresa Morgan, who was assisting the family while de Burgh's wife Diane was recuperating in the hospital from a broken neck during a horse-riding accident. His daughter Rosanna indicated during an interview with The Irish Independent that she held little sympathy for Morgan, regarding the latter's portrayal of herself as a victim as "pathetic" and hoped "she pays for her mistake". She forgave her father for his affair.
In 2011, bottles from DeBurgh's vintage wine cellar sold for over $500,000, including a world record set for a magnum collection of postwar vintages.
DeBurgh has a noted interest in war history, especially that of World War I and World War II. His songs contain numerous references to soldiers and battle, and in 2006 he purchased a rare First World War letter written by an unknown soldier.
De Burgh has said that he is "certainly a believer in Christ" but he has always had a deep distrust of organized religion. De Burgh believes in the power of spiritual healing as an alternative therapy to reduce pain. He states that he has been able to heal people with his own hands and he gained an all-encompassing strength that was contacted through prayer.

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